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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *abahandijaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_abahandijaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_abahandijaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/abahandijaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>abahandijaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɑ.βɑ.ˈxɑn.di.jɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚾᛞᛁᛃᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>out of one's hand, lost</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_aba"><ref target="#pgmc_aba">*aba-</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_handuz"><ref target="#pgmc_handuz">*handuz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_i_jaz"><ref target="#pgmc_i_jaz">*-(i)jaz</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandiją, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandiją, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijas, -īs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandijas, -īs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandjammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandjammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>abahandijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>abahandijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>abahandijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>abahandijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*abahandī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>afhendich</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>afhandig</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*abahandī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ofhende</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>*ofhende, *ofhande</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>offhand</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>affhand</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*abahandī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*abahendi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>*abahendīg</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>abehendic, abhendic</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>abhanden</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>afhendr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>avhending</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>afhendur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>afhendr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>afhænda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>avhända</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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