<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *adisô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_adisô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref1997" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2GXPBSTX">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="pinault2019" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/F9PVYEPI">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">One century of heteroclitic inflection</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Georges-Jean</forename>
              <surname>Pinault</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Ronald I.</forename>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Jana</forename>
              <surname>Mynářová</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Peter</forename>
              <surname>Pavúk</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Hrozný and Hittite: The First Hundred Years</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Leiden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">295–316</biblScope>
              <date>2019a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="puhvel1984" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/Y8CVTNSY">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Hittite Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Jaan</forename>
              <surname>Puhvel</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Berlin</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="volume">1</biblScope>
              <date>1984</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_hit_a_te_es_sa_atessa_x2" xml:lang="hit" type="cognate">
          <orth>𒀀𒋼𒌍𒊭</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>a-te-eš-ša /atešša-/</orth>
          </form>
          <def>adze, axe, hatchet</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h3edhes_o_h3edhs_nes" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₃edʰés-ō ~ *h₃edʰs-nés</orth>
          <def>adze</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h3edh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₃edʰ-</orth>
          <def>to cut</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_adiso" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/adisô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>adisô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ.ði.sɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛞᛁᛊᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>adze; a woodworking tool with the cutting edge set roughly at right angles to the handle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₃odʰ-és-on-</mentioned>, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3edhes_o_h3edhs_nes"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3edhes_o_h3edhs_nes">*h₃edʰés-ō ~ *h₃edʰs-nés</ref></mentioned>, perhaps ultimately a tool noun from a poorly attested root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3edh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3edh">*h₃edʰ-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="2">Kroonen 2013: 2</bibl>. The only potential extra-Germanic cognate is Hittite <mentioned xml:lang="hit" target="#cog_hit_a_te_es_sa_atessa_x2"><ref target="#cog_hit_a_te_es_sa_atessa_x2">𒀀𒋼𒌍𒊭</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#ref1997" n="37">Mallory &amp; Adams 1997: 37</bibl> <bibl corresp="#pinault2019" n="306">Pinault 2019a: 306</bibl> <bibl corresp="#puhvel1984" n="227–28">Puhvel 1984: 227–28</bibl>. The comparison is attractive but slender: within Germanic the word is essentially Old English only, so the Proto-Germanic reconstruction depends heavily on the Hittite match rather than on broad Germanic distribution.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>adisô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>adisaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>adisanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>adisanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>adisiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>adisanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>adisini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>adisammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>adisinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>adisammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>adisô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>adisaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*adisō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>adesa, eadesa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>adse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>adze</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>eetch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
