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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *agalaitį̄</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_agalaitį</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="van_sluis2023" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/89QDAVX8">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1017/9781009261753.018</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>Paulus</forename>
              <surname>van Sluis</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Anders Richardt</forename>
              <surname>Jørgensen</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Kristian</forename>
              <surname>Kristiansen</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Eske</forename>
              <surname>Willerslev</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Indo-European Puzzle Revisited</title>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">193-244</biblScope>
              <date>2023</date>
              <note type="accessed">2026-07-31T23:07:59Z</note>
              <note type="url">https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_part</note>
              <note>ISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂egʰ-</orth>
          <def>to be upset, afraid</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_de_leizig" xml:lang="de" type="cognate">
          <orth>leizig</orth>
          <def>annoying; excited</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_agalaiti" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/agalaitį̄">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>agalaitį̄</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ.ɣɑ.lɑi̯.tĩː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚷᚨᛚᚨᛁᛏᛁ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">īn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>impudence, importunity; shameless or indecent boldness</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_agalaitijaz"><ref target="#pgmc_agalaitijaz">*agalaitijaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_i"><ref target="#pgmc_i">*-į̄</ref></mentioned>. Kroonen <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="3" ana="#omit-author">2013: 3</bibl> derives <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_agalaitijaz"><ref target="#pgmc_agalaitijaz">*agalaitijaz</ref></mentioned> by haplological reduction from earlier <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">**aglalaitjaz</mentioned>, from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aglaz"><ref target="#pgmc_aglaz">*aglaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">**laitijaz</mentioned> (‘annoying; excited’), with the latter compared internally to Rhinelandic German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_de_leizig"><ref target="#cog_de_leizig">leizig</ref></mentioned>. The first constituent belongs to the Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*ag-</mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*agl-</mentioned> ‘fear, distress, shame’ group, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh">*h₂egʰ-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#van_sluis2023" n="214">van Sluis et al. 2023: 214</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>agalaitį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>agalaitīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>agalaitīnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>agalaitīnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>agalaitīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>agalaitīnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>agalaitīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>agalaitīmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>agalaitīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>agalaitīmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>agalaitį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>agalaitīniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*agalaitī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>agaleizī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ageleize</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌲𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹 (aglaitei)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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