Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *agazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_agaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited10.1017/9781009261753.018Paulusvan SluisAnders RichardtJørgensenGuusKroonenKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European Puzzle RevisitedCambridge University Press193-24420232026-07-31T23:07:59Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_partISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013Encyclopedia of Indo-European CultureJames P.MalloryDouglas Q.AdamsFitzroy Dearborn Publishers1997From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017ἄχοςdistress; pain, ache*h₂egʰ-to be upset, afraid*h₂égʰ-os ~ *h₂égʰ-es-os(emotional) distress𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃feareġefear, awe*āg-ī-fears
nounneuterz-stemfear, dread; terror or awe in the face of something threateningFrom Proto-Indo-European*h₂égʰ-os ~ *h₂égʰ-es-os, an old neuter s-stem built to *h₂egʰ-. In Proto-Germanic the inherited s-stem alternation survives as *agaz ~ *agiz-; the daughters then remodeled the stem in different directions, e.g. Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 as a neuter a-stem and Old English eġe as an i-stem Kroonen 2013: 4Ringe 2017: 110, 149, 310. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄχος and Proto-Celtic *āg-ī-Mallory & Adams 1997: 247Ringe 2017: 110. A recent Celto-Germanic treatment takes the Celtic and Germanic verbal word family as inherited from the same PIE root rather than as a special Celto-Germanic innovation van Sluis et al. 2023: 214.