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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aglaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aglaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref1997" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2GXPBSTX">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂egʰ-</orth>
          <def>to be upset, afraid</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh_lo_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂egʰ-ló-s</orth>
          <def>afflicting, painful; unpleasant, disgraceful</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_lo_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*-ló-s</orth>
          <def type="function">forms agent nouns from verbal roots; forms diminutive nouns from noun stems; forms adjectives with the sense “pertaining to …”</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_agha" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>अघ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aghá</orth>
          </form>
          <def>bad; evil; sinful; dangerous</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_aghala" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>अघल</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aghala</orth>
          </form>
          <def>terrible</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ga_aladh" xml:lang="ga" type="cognate">
          <orth>áladh</orth>
          <def>wound; lunge, thrust</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aglaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aglaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aglaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑɣ.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚷᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>disgraceful, shameful; humiliating or morally offensive</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh_lo_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh_lo_s">*h₂egʰ-ló-s</ref></mentioned>, a <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_lo_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_lo_s">*-ló-s</ref></mentioned> adjective derivative from root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2egh">*h₂egʰ-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="4">Kroonen 2013: 4</bibl>. Cognates are Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_agha"><ref target="#cog_san_agha">अघ</ref></mentioned>, Irish <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ga_aladh"><ref target="#cog_ga_aladh">áladh</ref></mentioned>, and possibly Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_aghala"><ref target="#cog_san_aghala">अघल</ref></mentioned>, though this Indic form may be secondary <bibl corresp="#ref1997" n="43">Mallory &amp; Adams 1997: 43</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>aglaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>aglaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>aglaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>agliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>agliniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>aglammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>aglōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>aglammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌲𐌻𐍃 (agls)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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