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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *agraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_agraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1lngwhros" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁ln̥gʷʰrós</orth>
          <def>lightweight</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_penkwe" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*pénkwe</orth>
          <def>five</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ro_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*-ró-s</orth>
          <def type="function">forms adjectives from Caland system roots.</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_swekuros" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*swēḱurós</orth>
          <def>brother-in-law</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_agraz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/agraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>agraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑɣ.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚷᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>flood, deluge; a rush or overwhelming body of water</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂(e)kʷ-ró-s</mentioned>, apparently from the uncertain Proto-Indo-European root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ekʷ-</mentioned> (the same root for <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ahwo"><ref target="#pgmc_ahwo">*ahwō</ref></mentioned>) + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ro_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ro_s">*-ró-s</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="5">Kroonen 2013: 5</bibl>. For loss of the labial, compare <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_lungraz"><ref target="#pgmc_lungraz">*lungraz</ref></mentioned> &lt; PIE <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1lngwhros"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1lngwhros">*h₁ln̥gʷʰrós</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_fingraz"><ref target="#pgmc_fingraz">*fingraz</ref></mentioned> &lt; PIE <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*penkʷrós</mentioned> (related to <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_penkwe"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_penkwe">*pénkwe</ref></mentioned>), and possibly <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_swegraz"><ref target="#pgmc_swegraz">*swēgraz</ref></mentioned> &lt; PIE <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_swekuros"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_swekuros">*swēḱurós</ref></mentioned>. See also <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ahwo"><ref target="#pgmc_ahwo">*ahwō</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>agraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>agrōz, agrōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>agrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>agranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>agras, agris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>agrǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>agrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>agramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>agrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>agramiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>agr</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>agrōz, agrōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*agr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*aggar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*agger</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>agger</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*agr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ēagor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>eager</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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