Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ahazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ahaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Indo-European cereal terminology suggests a Northwest Pontic homeland for the core Indo-European languagesGuusKroonenAnthonyJakobAxel I.PalmérPaulusvan SluisAndrewWigmanPLOS ONE171002757442022From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017Nomina im indogermanischen LexikonDagmar S.WodtkoBrittaIrslingerCarolinSchneiderUniversitätsverlag Winter2008Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)Michielde VaanBrill2008ἀκοστήbarley*h₂eḱ-sharpagnablade, straw; ear of grainākeendākzealacusbran, awn, chaff
nounneuterz-stemear, spike, or head of grainFrom Proto-Indo-European *h₂éḱ-os ~ *h₂éḱ-es-os, a neuter s-stem built from *h₂eḱ-. In Proto-Germanic this was preserved as a neuter z-stem *ahaz ~ *ahiz-, later partly remodeled, possibly as *ahsąKroonen et al. 2022: 7Ringe 2017: 310. Cognate with Latin acus < Proto-Italic *akos-, Tocharian A āk, and Tocharian B āke, which likely preserve the more primary sense ‘tip, point’. A possible Greek comparandum is Ancient Greek ἀκοστή, though some Greek ‘chaff’ terms in this semantic field are less secure Wodtko et al. 2008: 289. The agricultural sense ‘ear/awn/husk of grain’ is probably secondary after the Tocharian split, rather than directly reconstructible as the original PIE meaning de Vaan 2008: 24Kroonen et al. 2022: 7. Compare also the related n-derivative *ahanō and Latin agna, from *h₂eḱ-on-eh₂-, where the same semantic development from ‘sharp object’ to ‘awn/chaff/ear’ is visible Kroonen et al. 2022: 13, though de Vaan 2008: 23–24 also notes that Latin agna may alternatively be a Mediterranean loan.