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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aidaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aidaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
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          <analytic>
            <title level="a">The Derivational Histories of Avestan aēsma- ‘firewood’ and Vedic idhmá- ‘id</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Adam</forename>
              <surname>Catt</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Stephanie W.</forename>
              <surname>Jamison</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>H.Craig</forename>
              <surname>Melchert</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Brent</forename>
              <surname>Vine</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Proceedings of the 25th Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference, October 25th and 26th</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Bremen</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Hempen</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">39–48</biblScope>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
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          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="thorso2023" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/7ZWMCB52">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Word mining: metal names and the Indo-European dispersal</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1017/9781009261753.012</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>Rasmus</forename>
              <surname>Thorsø</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Andrew M.</forename>
              <surname>Wigman</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Anthony M.</forename>
              <surname>Jakob</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Axel</forename>
              <surname>Palmér</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Paulus S.</forename>
              <surname>van Sluis</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus J.</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Kristian</forename>
              <surname>Kristiansen</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Eske</forename>
              <surname>Willerslev</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Indo-European puzzle revisited</title>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">105–126</biblScope>
              <date>2023</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_aitho" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>αἴθω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aíthō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to ignite, kindle, light</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂eydʰ-</orth>
          <def>to ignite; fire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh_o_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂éydʰ-o-s</orth>
          <def>fire, burning thing</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_edha" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>एध</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>édha</orth>
          </form>
          <def>fuel, firewood</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_aed" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>áed</orth>
          <def>fire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2ey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂ey-</orth>
          <def>fire, burn</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_dheh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>dʰeh₁-</orth>
          <def>put, set</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_aedes" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>aedēs</orth>
          <def>temple, shrine, tomb, room</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_iddha" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>इद्ध</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>iddhá</orth>
          </form>
          <def>kindled, lighted, alight</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ave_aesma_x2" xml:lang="ave" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬨𐬀</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aēsma</orth>
          </form>
          <def>firewood</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aidaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aidaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aidaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fire; especially a funeral pyre or sacrificial/ritual fire</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh_o_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh_o_s">*h₂éydʰ-o-s</ref></mentioned>, an <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">o</mentioned>-stem derivative of root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh">*h₂eydʰ-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="8">Kroonen 2013: 8</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="259">Rix et al. 2001: 259</bibl>. The root itself has been analyzed as an old compound or enlarged verbal root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ey-dʰh₁-</mentioned> (‘put to the fire’), from a putative <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2ey">*h₂ey-</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dheh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_dheh1">dʰeh₁-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#thorso2023" n="108">Thorsø et al. 2023: 108</bibl>. Cognates include Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_aed"><ref target="#cog_sga_aed">áed</ref></mentioned>, Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_aedes"><ref target="#cog_lat_aedes">aedēs</ref></mentioned>, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_aitho"><ref target="#cog_grc_aitho">αἴθω</ref></mentioned>, Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_edha"><ref target="#cog_san_edha">एध</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_san_iddha"><ref target="#cog_san_iddha">इद्ध</ref></mentioned>, and Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ave_aesma_x2"><ref target="#cog_ave_aesma_x2">𐬀𐬉𐬯𐬨𐬀</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#catt2014">Catt 2014</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ref1997" n="87">Mallory &amp; Adams 1997: 87</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="259">Rix et al. 2001: 259</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>aidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>aidōz, aidōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>aidą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>aidanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>aidas, aidis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>aidǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>aidai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>aidamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>aidō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>aidamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>aid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>aidōz, aidōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aid</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ād</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ād</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aid</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>ēd</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aid</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>eit</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>eit</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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