Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aidijąScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aidiją
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)RobertBeekesBrill2010European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited10.1017/9781009261753.018Paulusvan SluisAnders RichardtJørgensenGuusKroonenKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European Puzzle RevisitedCambridge University Press193-24420232026-07-31T23:07:59Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_partISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013The Indo-European dh-Determinative in GermanicWinfred P.LehmannLanguage182125–1321942From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017The American heritage dictionary of Indo-European rootsCalvertWatkinsBostonHoughton Mifflin Harcourt2011ῐ̓́θμᾰwayἰτόςpassable*h₁ey-to goitusa going, departureइतgone, returned*h₁oy-tó-spassableῐ̓σθμόςneck, narrow passage of the body (anatomy); neck of land between two seas; isthmus
nounneuterja-stemisthmus, straitPossibly from pre-Germanic *h₁oy-t-yó-m, a nominalized neuter of a gerundival/adjectival formation, *h₁oy-tó-s, built from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ey-Kroonen 2013: 8. Semantically, it would be: ‘passable’ > ‘passage, portage’ > ‘isthmus, strait’. Compare Ancient Greek ἰτός from the more typical zero-grade of the root, *h₁i-tó-s, Latin itus, and Sanskrit इतRinge 2017: 186Watkins 2011: s.v. *ei-. The formally related *aiþaz may reflect a parallel *h₁óy-to-s formation with a semantic development ‘course, going’ > ‘oath’ van Sluis et al. 2023: 219. Lehmann 1942: 127 considered this to be a dʰ-extension of the same root, *h₁oy-dʰ-yo-m, comparing Ancient Greek ῐ̓́θμᾰ, which is related to ῐ̓σθμόςBeekes 2010: 388, ultimately the source of English “isthmus” (via Latin, which borrowed it from Greek).