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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aiginōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aiginōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref1997" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2GXPBSTX">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ringe2017" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/JNX9KYWA">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Don</forename>
              <surname>Ringe</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂eyḱ-</orth>
          <def>to appropriate, possess</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_isa" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>ईश</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>īśá</orth>
          </form>
          <def>owning, possessing</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aiginona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aiginōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aiginōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯.ɣi.nɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᚷᛁᚾᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to appropriate, take possession of; to make one’s own</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From the adjectival stem of Proto-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*aiganaz/*aiginaz</mentioned> (‘possessed, one’s own’), the lexicalized past participle of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aigana"><ref target="#pgmc_aigana">*aiganą</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ona"><ref target="#pgmc_ona">*-ōną</ref></mentioned>; literally ‘to make one’s own’ <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="8">Kroonen 2013: 8</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ringe2017" n="285">Ringe 2017: 285</bibl>. The base ultimately belongs to Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyk">*h₂eyḱ-</ref></mentioned>. A cognate of the root is Vedic Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_isa"><ref target="#cog_san_isa">ईश</ref></mentioned>, supporting an inherited IE sense of ‘possess, control’ <bibl corresp="#ref1997" n="270">Mallory &amp; Adams 1997: 270</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aiginō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aiginǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aiginō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aiginō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aiginōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aiginōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aiginōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aiginōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aiginōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aiginōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>aiginōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>aiginōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>aiginōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>aiginōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aiginōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>aiginōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>aiginōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>aiginōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aiginōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*eiginon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>eigenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>eigenen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>eien</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aiginōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>āgnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>ahnien</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aiginōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*eiganōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>eigenen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>eignen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aiginōn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*ēginon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ēgenen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>eigna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>eigna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>eigna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (*aiginōn)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌲𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌽 (gaaiginōn)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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