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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aihtrōną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aihtrōną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref1997" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2GXPBSTX">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="orel2003" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/U6EVGQ9E">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Vladimir</forename>
              <surname>Orel</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2003</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref2011" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2AIPBS93">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The American heritage dictionary of Indo-European roots</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>Calvert</forename>
              <surname>Watkins</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Boston</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Houghton Mifflin Harcourt</publisher>
              <date>2011</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂eyḱ-</orth>
          <def>to appropriate, possess</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_iste" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>ईष्टे</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>īṣṭe</orth>
          </form>
          <def>rules, owns, possesses</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_txb_aik" xml:lang="txb" type="cognate">
          <orth>aik-</orth>
          <def>know, recognize</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aihtrona" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aihtrōną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aihtrōną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯x.trɔː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᚺᛏᚱᛟᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to beg, supplicate; to ask earnestly for something</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Probably related to <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aikana"><ref target="#pgmc_aikana">*aikaną</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aigana"><ref target="#pgmc_aigana">*aiganą</ref></mentioned>, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyk">*h₂eyḱ-</ref></mentioned>; compare Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_iste"><ref target="#cog_san_iste">ईष्टे</ref></mentioned> and Tocharian B <mentioned xml:lang="txb" target="#cog_txb_aik"><ref target="#cog_txb_aik">aik-</ref></mentioned> as root cognates <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="9">Kroonen 2013: 9</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ref1997" n="270">Mallory &amp; Adams 1997: 270</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ref2011" n="s.v. aik-">Watkins 2011: s.v. aik-</bibl>. The verb probably arose as a weak class 2 derivative of a lost Germanic nominal or adjectival base <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">**aihtra-</mentioned><bibl corresp="#orel2003" n="6–7">Orel 2003: 6–7</bibl>, or perhaps *<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*aihtraz</mentioned>, though the formation of that base is unclear. No secure cognates are known.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōsau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōnþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōdǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōdēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōdē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aihtrōdēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>aihtrōndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>aihtrōdaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>aihtrōną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍂𐍉𐌽 (aihtrōn)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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