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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aikijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aikijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_aigis" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>αἰγίς</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aigís</orth>
          </form>
          <def>rushing storm, hurricane</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_ejati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>एजति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>éjati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to move, stir, flutter</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_ejayati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>एजयति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ejáyati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to shake</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyg_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂eyg-</orth>
          <def>to stir, set in motion</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aikijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aikijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aikijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯.ki.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᚲᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to irritate, annoy, to pester</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂oyg-éye/o-</mentioned> (‘to agitate, set in motion’), a causative from Proto-Indo-European root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyg_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eyg_x2">*h₂eyg-</ref></mentioned>, continued as weak class 1 verb <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="10">Kroonen 2013: 10</bibl>. Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_ejayati"><ref target="#cog_san_ejayati">एजयति</ref></mentioned>, which preserves the same causative formation, and also with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_ejati"><ref target="#cog_san_ejati">एजति</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="222">Rix et al. 2001: 222</bibl>, as well as Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_aigis"><ref target="#cog_grc_aigis">αἰγίς</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="10">Kroonen 2013: 10</bibl>. Related to <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aikulaz"><ref target="#pgmc_aikulaz">*aikulaz</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aikijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aikijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aikijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aikīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aikijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aikī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aikijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aikijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aikīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aikijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aikijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aikijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aikijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aikijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aikijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aikijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aikijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aikijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aikijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aikijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aikijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aikijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aikīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aikijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aikīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aikijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aikijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aikijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aikijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aikijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aikijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aikijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aikidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aikidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aikidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aikidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aikidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aikidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>aikidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>aikidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>aikidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>aikidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aikidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aikidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aikidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aikidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aikidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aikidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>aikijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>aikidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>aikijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                  <orth>eikja</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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