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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ailijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ailijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="beekes2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/K7ES6IFT">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert</forename>
              <surname>Beekes</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ref1997" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2GXPBSTX">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</title>
            <editor>
              <forename>James P.</forename>
              <surname>Mallory</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Douglas Q.</forename>
              <surname>Adams</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers</publisher>
              <date>1997</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ringe2017" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/JNX9KYWA">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Don</forename>
              <surname>Ringe</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_aitho" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>αἴθω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aíthō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to ignite, kindle, light</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂eydʰ-</orth>
          <def>to ignite; fire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_tlo" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*-tlo-</orth>
          <def type="function">forms nouns denoting a tool or instrument</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_aedis_aedes" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>aedis/aedēs</orth>
          <def>hearth; temple</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_edha" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>एध</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>édha</orth>
          </form>
          <def>fuel, firewood</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_indhe" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>इन्धे</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>indhé</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to kindle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_aed" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>áed</orth>
          <def>fire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_aithos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>αἶθος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aîthos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>heat, fire</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ailijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ailijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ailijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯.li.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᛚᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to kindle, light; to set on fire</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aila"><ref target="#pgmc_aila">*ailą</ref></mentioned> +<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto"> </mentioned><mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_i_jana"><ref target="#pgmc_i_jana">*-(i)janą</ref></mentioned>, literally ‘to make a fire, set aflame’ <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="11">Kroonen 2013: 11</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ringe2017" n="199–200">Ringe 2017: 199–200</bibl>. The base <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aila"><ref target="#pgmc_aila">*ailą</ref></mentioned> continues pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*aidlą </mentioned>&lt; Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂oydh-tló-m</mentioned>, an o-grade <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tlo"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_tlo">*-tlo-</ref></mentioned>  formation from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh">*h₂eydʰ-</ref></mentioned>. Cognate at the root level with Vedic Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_indhe"><ref target="#cog_san_indhe">इन्धे</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_san_edha"><ref target="#cog_san_edha">एध</ref></mentioned>, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_aitho"><ref target="#cog_grc_aitho">αἴθω</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_aithos"><ref target="#cog_grc_aithos">αἶθος</ref></mentioned>, Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_aed"><ref target="#cog_sga_aed">áed</ref></mentioned>, and Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_aedis_aedes"><ref target="#cog_lat_aedis_aedes">aedis/aedēs</ref></mentioned>. <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="37">Beekes 2010: 37</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="11">Kroonen 2013: 11</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ref1997" n="87">Mallory &amp; Adams 1997: 87</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="259">Rix et al. 2001: 259</bibl>. Also related to <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_ailidaz"><ref target="#pgmc_ailidaz">*ailidaz</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aidaz"><ref target="#pgmc_aidaz">*aidaz</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ailijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ailijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ailijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ailīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ailijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ailī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ailijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ailijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ailīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ailijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ailijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ailijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ailijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ailijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ailijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ailijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ailijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ailijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ailijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ailijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ailijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ailijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ailīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ailijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ailīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ailijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ailijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ailijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ailijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ailijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ailijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ailijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ailidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ailidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ailidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ailidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ailidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ailidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>ailidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>ailidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>ailidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>ailidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ailidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ailidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ailidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ailidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ailidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ailidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>ailijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>ailidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>ailijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ailijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ǣlan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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