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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aimaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aimaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kloekhorst2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/6CLAD8LI">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 5)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Alwin</forename>
              <surname>Kloekhorst</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_hit_i_nu_zi_inuhzi" xml:lang="hit" type="cognate">
          <orth>𒄿𒉡𒍣</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>i-nu-zi /inuhzi/</orth>
          </form>
          <def>heats, makes warm</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂eydʰ-</orth>
          <def>to ignite; fire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_im" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>īm</orth>
          <def>soot</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_mo" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*-mo-</orth>
          <def>forms action/result nouns from verb stems</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aimaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aimaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aimaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>steam, vapor</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>smoke or reek rising from heat or fire</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Probably from pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₁óy-mo-s</mentioned>, an o-grade <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mo"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mo">*-mo-</ref></mentioned> noun to an otherwise poorly attested Proto-Indo-European root <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₁ey-</mentioned> of uncertain meaning, perhaps ‘heat, give off vapor/smoke’. Kroonen <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="11" ana="#omit-author">2013: 11</bibl> takes Old Norse neuter <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_im"><ref target="#cog_non_im">īm</ref></mentioned> as internal evidence for <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₁ey-</mentioned>, making the older derivation from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh">*h₂eydʰ-</ref></mentioned> much less likely. There are no secure IE cognates. A relationship with PIE root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2eydh">*h₂eydʰ-</ref></mentioned> seems plausible, just not possible as a direct origin. Comparisons with Hittite <mentioned xml:lang="hit" target="#cog_hit_i_nu_zi_inuhzi"><ref target="#cog_hit_i_nu_zi_inuhzi">𒄿𒉡𒍣</ref></mentioned> from PIE <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₁eh₃y-</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kloekhorst2008" n="165–66">Kloekhorst 2008: 165–66</bibl> are incompatible with the North Germanic forms in <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*īm-</mentioned>. Related to <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_aimuzjo"><ref target="#pgmc_aimuzjo">*aimuzjǭ</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>aimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>aimōz, aimōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>aimą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>aimanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>aimas, aimis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>aimǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>aimai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>aimamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>aimō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>aimamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>aim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>aimōz, aimōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>eimr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>em</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>eimur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>eimur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>eim</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ēmber</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ím</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ím</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ím</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ím</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>im</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>im</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*aimat'ak</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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