Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ainijazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ainijaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
CELTO-GERMANIC Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and WestJohn T.KochCanolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru20202026-07-24T20:45:04Zhttps://www.academia.edu/44802752/CELTO_GERMANIC_Later_Prehistory_and_Post_Proto_Indo_European_vocabulary_in_the_North_and_WestEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)RankoMatasovićBrill2009aEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)Michielde VaanBrill2008𒂊𒅀𒀭a kind of evergreen tree, yew?iuncusreed, rushiūniperusjuniper-berry; juniper tree*yoyni-rushes, reedáinrushes, reedeinirjuniperenjuniper
nounmasculineja-stemjuniper, probably the common juniper or a closely similar coniferous shrub/treeProbably from a western Indo-European or pre-Indo-European plant-name *yoyni- / *h₁oyni- with semantic variation between ‘rush, reed’ and ‘juniper’. Compare Proto-Celtic *yoyni-, continued by Middle Irish áin; Proto-Italic *joiniko-, continued by Latin iuncus; and Latin iūniperus, which may contain the same first element de Vaan 2008: 313Koch 2020: 152Matasović 2009a: 437. De Vaan explicitly notes Old Icelandic einir and Swedish en as possible Germanic comparanda, while also judging the stem *yoy-ni- to look non-Indo-European; Matasović likewise regards the western distribution as suggestive of a substrate loan rather than inherited PIE vocabulary.Kroonen 2013: 12 reconstructs Proto-Germanic *ainja- from pre-Germanic *h₁oy-n-yo-, perhaps ultimately connected with an acrostatic PIE n-stem *h₁óy-n- ~ *h₁éy-n-s, especially if Hittite 𒂊𒅀𒀭 belongs here. The Anatolian comparison would improve the case for PIE inheritance, but without it the Italic–Celtic–Germanic distribution and the irregular plant-name semantics favor a western Wanderwort or substrate origin de Vaan 2008: 313Koch 2020: 152Matasović 2009a: 437. A direct North Germanic borrowing from Latin iūniperus is possible but less economical than shared inheritance or borrowing from an older western plant-name.