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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aināną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aināną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1oy_no_s" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁óy-no-s</orth>
          <def>one, single</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ainana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aināną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aināną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯.nɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᚾᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to be alone, be solitary</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to isolate, make separate or solitary</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ainaz"><ref target="#pgmc_ainaz">*ainaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ana_x2"><ref target="#pgmc_ana_x2">*-āną</ref></mentioned>, here with both stative-fientive ‘be/become alone’ and factitive ‘make alone, isolate’ senses. The base, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_ainaz"><ref target="#pgmc_ainaz">*ainaz</ref></mentioned>, continues Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1oy_no_s"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1oy_no_s">*h₁óy-no-s</ref></mentioned>. Related to <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_ainagaz"><ref target="#pgmc_ainagaz">*ainagaz</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_ainaho"><ref target="#pgmc_ainaho">*ainahô</ref></mentioned>, and semantically opposite of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_ainona"><ref target="#pgmc_ainona">*ainōną</ref></mentioned>, despite the common base.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ainō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ainaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ainai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aināsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ainaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aināþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aināþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ainōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aināþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aināþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aināmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ainānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ainaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ainaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ainānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ainānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ainānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ainānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ainadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ainadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ainadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ainadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ainadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ainadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>ainadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>ainadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>ainadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>ainadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ainadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ainadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ainadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ainadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ainadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ainadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>aināndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>ainadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>aināną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ainēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*einēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>einen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>ireinēn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ainan)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐌲𐌰𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌽 (gaainan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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