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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *airiwakraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_airiwakraz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="braune2004" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/ELDUR38S">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Althochdeutsche Grammatik</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Wilhelm</forename>
              <surname>Braune</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Ingo</forename>
              <surname>Reiffenstein</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Tübingen</pubPlace>
              <publisher>M. Niemeyer</publisher>
              <date>2004</date>
              <note>ISBN: 978-3-484-10861-5; callNumber: 437.01</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="thesis" xml:id="mattioli2018" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/8ELJJFKW">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Grímnismál: A Critical Edition</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Vittorio</forename>
              <surname>Mattioli</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <date>2018</date>
              <note type="thesisType">dissertation.</note>
              <note type="url">http://hdl.handle.net/10023/12219</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="schatz1907" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/6LBAGQRI">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altbairische Grammatik: Laut- und Flexionslehre</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Josef</forename>
              <surname>Schatz</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Göttingen</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Vandenhoeck &amp; Ruprecht</publisher>
              <date>1907</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_antelucanum" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>antelucanum</orth>
          <def>before daylight or the dawn</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_airiwakraz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/airiwakraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>airiwakraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑi̯.ri.ˌwɑk.rɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛁᚱᛁᚹᚨᚲᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>early-awake</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_airi"><ref target="#pgmc_airi">*airi</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_wakraz"><ref target="#pgmc_wakraz">*wakraz</ref></mentioned>. Attested in Old High German in <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Die althochdeutschen Glossen</mentioned> as <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">erachari </mentioned>(normalized as <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*eracar</mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*erachar</mentioned>) glossing Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_antelucanum"><ref target="#cog_lat_antelucanum">antelucanum</ref></mentioned> (<bibl corresp="#braune2004">Braune &amp; Reiffenstein 2004</bibl> <bibl corresp="#schatz1907" n="94">Schatz 1907: 94</bibl> and in Old Norse in the <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Grímnismál</mentioned> edda as <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Arvacr</mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Árvakr</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#mattioli2018" n="131, 220">Mattioli 2018: 131, 220</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakranǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakras, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakrammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakranō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>airiwakraimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakraniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakranų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakranunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakriniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakranǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>airiwakrammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*airiwak(k)r</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>erachari (&lt;*eracer/*eracher)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>arvacr/árvakr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>árvakur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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