Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aistānąScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aistāną
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)RobertBeekesBrill2010Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verbJohnnyCheungLeidenBrill2007ISBN: 978-90-04-15496-4 978-90-474-1153-6A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic LanguagesRobert D.FulkJohn Benjamins Publishing Company2018The Germanic Third Weak Class10.2307/412065Jay H.JasanoffLanguage494850-87019732026-07-29T20:47:31Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0097850773016231/type/journal_articleISSN: 0097-8507, 1535-0665Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013Early epigraphic evidence for Germanic weak class-III verbs10.1515/bgsl-2023-0023BernardMeesBeiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur145, n. 3347-3642023aFrom Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017Lexikon der indogermanischen VerbenHelmutRixMartinKümmelThomasZehnderReinerLippBrigitteSchirmerWiesbadenReichert2001A morphological conflation approach to the historical development of preterite-present verbs: Old English, Proto-Germanic, and Proto-Indo-EuropeanToshiyaTanakaFukuokaHana-Shoin2011Reconstructing Proto-Indo-European deponents10.1163/22125892-00401001LauraGrestenbergerIndo-European Linguistics 4Brill98–1492016ईट्टेto praise, implore-𐬌𐬱to imploreαἴδομαιto be reverent toward, fear*h₂eysd-to revere, honor, praise
verbWeak class 3to respect, revere; hold in awe or esteemFrom Proto-Indo-European*h₂eysd-, probably through a stative present *h₂eysd-éh₁-ye/o-Kroonen 2013: s.v. *aistēn-Rix et al. 2001: 260–61, s.v. h₂ei̯sd-. Cognate with Sanskrit ईट्टे and Old Avestan -𐬌𐬱Cheung 2007: 160Grestenberger 2016: 127–28. Alternatively, Grestenberger derives the Gothic present from PIE thematic *h₂eysd-e/o-, with an original experiencer sense ‘fear, be in awe of’ Grestenberger 2016: 127–28. Ancient Greek αἴδομαι is probably related under this analysis, although Beekes objects that PIE -sd- should regularly have yielded Greek -z- rather than -d-Beekes 2010: 34Grestenberger 2016: 127–28. The development into Germanic Weak class 3 remains uncertain, since neither the origin of the class nor its *-ai- ~ -ā- alternation has a generally accepted explanation Fulk 2018: 308–13Jasanoff 1973: 850–70Mees 2023a: 347–64Ringe 2017: 203–206, 286–89Tanaka 2011: 254–60, 268–69.