Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aiząScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aizą
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Linguistic Phylogenetics and Words for Metals in Indo‑European10.1017/9781009261753.011ThomasOlanderKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European Puzzle RevisitedCambridge University Press93-10420232026-07-31T16:54:16Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-7/type/book_partISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017Word mining: metal names and the Indo-European dispersal10.1017/9781009261753.012RasmusThorsøAndrew M.WigmanAnthony M.JakobAxelPalmérPaulus S.van SluisGuus J.KroonenKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European puzzle revisitedCambridge University Press105–1262023Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)Michielde VaanBrill2008-𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵metalaes ~ aeriscopper, bronze, brass; moneyअयस्metal; copper; later also ‘iron’*h₂ey-fire, burn*h₂ey-dʰh₁-put to the fire*h₂éy-os ~ *h₂éy-es-osmetal; copperahesnesmade of bronzeaizniōmade of bronze
nounneutera-stemcopper or bronze; by extension, metal, ore, and objects or money made from copper alloyFrom Early Germanic *ajaz ~ *ajiz, from Proto-Indo-European neuter s-stem *h₂éy-os ~ *h₂éy-es-os, possibly from a root *h₂ey- found also in *h₂ey-dʰh₁-. The inherited paradigm was reformulated in Proto-Germanic, probably with generalization of the oblique stem vocalism and subsequent remodeling: the inherited -s- was reinterpreted as part of the lexical stem, while the noun adopted the neuter a-stem declension Kroonen 2013: s.v. *aiza-Ringe 2017: 159, 310Thorsø et al. 2023: 108. Cognate with Latin aes ~ aeris, Umbrian ahesnes, Oscan aizniō, Sanskrit अयस्, and Avestan -𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵de Vaan 2008: 27–28Olander 2023: 101Thorsø et al. 2023: 108. The wide distribution supports inheritance from Proto-Indo-European, but the original sense was probably ‘copper’ or more generally ‘metal’, rather than specifically ‘bronze’: ‘bronze’, ‘iron’, ‘ore’, and ‘money’ represent later adaptations to changing metallurgical traditions.