Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aiþazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aiþaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited10.1017/9781009261753.018Paulusvan SluisAnders RichardtJørgensenGuusKroonenKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European Puzzle RevisitedCambridge University Press193-24420232026-07-31T23:07:59Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_partISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013Encyclopedia of Indo-European CultureJames P.MalloryDouglas Q.AdamsFitzroy Dearborn Publishers1997Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)RankoMatasovićBrill2009aFrom Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017an-udonperjuryοἶτοςfate, doom*h₁ey-to go*h₁óy-to-sa going, courseóethoath*oito-soath
nounmasculinea-stemoathFrom earlier Celto-Germanic *oito-s (‘oath’), also reflected by Proto-Celtic *oito-s, whence Old Irish óeth and Old Welsh an-udonKroonen 2013: s.v. *aiþa-Matasović 2009a: 305van Sluis et al. 2023: 219. The formation is traditionally derived as Proto-Indo-European *h₁óy-to-s, an o-grade *-to- noun from root *h₁ey-, perhaps originally ‘a going, course’; compare the morphologically parallel Ancient Greek οἶτος, possibly from an earlier meaning of ‘course’ Mallory & Adams 1997: 408–409van Sluis et al. 2023: 219. Under this interpretation, ‘course, going’ developed specifically into ‘oath’ in Celtic and Germanic, perhaps through an oath-taking rite involving ceremonial movement, although that cultural explanation is speculative. Mallory and Adams 1997: 408–409 suggest that oath-takers would walk or “go” between parts of slaughtered animals to give force to an oath.The ultimate history remains uncertain. The identical Celtic and Germanic forms may represent a shared post-Proto-Indo-European innovation, but early borrowing from Celtic into Germanic is also possible; the preservation of a more concrete meaning in the parallel Germanic formation *aidiją may favor an originally Celtic semantic development ‘course, going’ > ‘oath’ followed by borrowing into Germanic Ringe 2017: 328van Sluis et al. 2023: 219.