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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Alarīks</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_alarīks</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="andersson2003" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/HXKMYHUQ">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Personennamen</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Thorsten</forename>
              <surname>Andersson</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Heinrich</forename>
              <surname>Beck</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Dieter</forename>
              <surname>Geuenich</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Heiko</forename>
              <surname>Steuer</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Berlin and New York</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Walter de Gruyter</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="volume">22</biblScope>
              <biblScope unit="page">589–614</biblScope>
              <date>2003</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="bookSection" xml:id="andersson2009" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/4QYJ36RE">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Germanische Personennamen vor indogermanischem Hintergrund</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Thorsten</forename>
              <surname>Andersson</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Albrecht</forename>
              <surname>Greule</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Matthias</forename>
              <surname>Springer</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Namen des Frühmittelalters als sprachliche Zeugnisse und als Geschichtsquellen</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Berlin and New York</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Walter de Gruyter</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">9–26</biblScope>
              <date>2009</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="schonfeld1911" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2B92ZFBW">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Wörterbuch der altgermanischen Personen- und Völkernamen</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Moritz</forename>
              <surname>Schönfeld</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Carl Winter</publisher>
              <date>1911</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_rixs" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*rīxs</orth>
          <def>king</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h3regs" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₃rḗǵs</orth>
          <def>king</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_rex" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>rēx</orth>
          <def>king</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_rajan" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>राजन्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>rā́jan-</orth>
          </form>
          <def>king, sovereign</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_ri" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>rí</orth>
          <def>king</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xtg_rix" xml:lang="xtg" type="cognate">
          <orth>-rix</orth>
          <def>king, ruler</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_alariks" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Alarīks">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Alarīks</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ.lɑ.ˌriːks</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᚨᚱᛁᚲᛊ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">consonant stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a male given name, literally ‘ruler of all’</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ala"><ref target="#pgmc_ala">*ala-</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_riks"><ref target="#pgmc_riks">*rīks</ref></mentioned>, a Germanic dithematic personal name meaning ‘ruler of all’ <bibl corresp="#andersson2003" n="593, 605">Andersson 2003: 593, 605</bibl> <bibl corresp="#andersson2009" n="11">Andersson 2009: 11</bibl> <bibl corresp="#schonfeld1911" n="s.v. Alaricus">Schönfeld 1911: s.v. Alaricus</bibl>. The name is attested in Latin as <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Alaricus</mentioned>, especially as the name of the Visigothic kings Alaric I and Alaric II; Gothic *𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*Alareiks</mentioned>) is reconstructed rather than directly attested. The second element, from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_riks"><ref target="#pgmc_riks">*rīks</ref></mentioned>, was probably borrowed from Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_rixs"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_rixs">*rīxs</ref></mentioned>, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3regs"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3regs">*h₃rḗǵs</ref></mentioned>; compare Gaulish <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_xtg_rix"><ref target="#cog_xtg_rix">-rix</ref></mentioned>, Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_ri"><ref target="#cog_sga_ri">rí</ref></mentioned>, Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_rex"><ref target="#cog_lat_rex">rēx</ref></mentioned>, and Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_rajan"><ref target="#cog_san_rajan">राजन्</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="412–13">Kroonen 2013: 412–13</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Alarīks</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Alarīkų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Alarīkiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Alarīki</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Alarīkē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Alarīk</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Alarīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>Alarike</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>Alarik</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Alarīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>German</lang>
                    <orth>Alarich</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Alarīk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Alrīċa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>Alrich, Aldrich</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>Alrekr, Alríkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>Alrekur</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌰𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍃 (*alareiks)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Latin</lang>
                    <orth>Alarīcus</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>Alaric</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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