<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Albigaizaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_albigaizaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="beekes2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/K7ES6IFT">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert</forename>
              <surname>Beekes</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="matasovic2009" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/B5HK3DUW">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ranko</forename>
              <surname>Matasović</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2009a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="orel2003" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/U6EVGQ9E">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Vladimir</forename>
              <surname>Orel</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2003</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="forstemann1900">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altdeutsches Namenbuch. Vol. 1: Personennamen. 2nd completely revised edition</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ernst</forename>
              <surname>Förstemann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Bonn</pubPlace>
              <publisher>P. Hanstein</publisher>
              <date>1900</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="peterson2004">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon över urnordiska personnamn</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Lena</forename>
              <surname>Peterson</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Uppsala</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Institutet för språk och folkminnen</publisher>
              <date>2004</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="peterson2007">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. 5th revised edition</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Lena</forename>
              <surname>Peterson</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Uppsala</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Institutet för språk och folkminnen</publisher>
              <date>2007</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ave_zaena" xml:lang="ave" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>zaēna</orth>
          </form>
          <def>weapon</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_gayso" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*gayso-</orth>
          <def>spear; possibly a loan from Proto-Germanic</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_khaios" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>χαῖος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>khaîos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>shepherd; s staff’</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰey-</orth>
          <def>to drive, move, hurl, fling; missile, projectile</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ghoysos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ǵʰoysós</orth>
          <def>spear, missile, javelin</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2elbhos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂elbʰós</orth>
          <def>white</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_hesas" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>हेषस्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>heṣas</orth>
          </form>
          <def>missile</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_albigaizaz" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Albigaizaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Albigaizaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑl.βi.ˌɣɑi̯.zɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᛒᛁᚷᚨᛁᛉᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a male given name, composed of the name-elements ‘elf’ and ‘spear’</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A dithematic personal name formed from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*albi</mentioned>-, the compositional stem of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_albiz"><ref target="#pgmc_albiz">*albiz</ref></mentioned>, + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_gaizaz"><ref target="#pgmc_gaizaz">*gaizaz</ref></mentioned>, thus conventionally interpreted as ‘elf-spear’ <bibl corresp="#forstemann1900" n="s.vv. Alger, Albgar">Förstemann 1900: s.vv. Alger, Albgar</bibl> <bibl corresp="#peterson2004" n="s.v. *Albigaizaz/-harjaz">Peterson 2004: s.v. *Albigaizaz/-harjaz</bibl> <bibl corresp="#peterson2007" n="19">Peterson 2007: 19</bibl>. The first constituent ultimately continues Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2elbhos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2elbhos">*h₂elbʰós</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#orel2003" n="s.v. *alƀaz">Orel 2003: s.v. *alƀaz</bibl>, while <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_gaizaz"><ref target="#pgmc_gaizaz">*gaizaz</ref></mentioned> continues PIE <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghoysos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghoysos">*ǵʰoysós</ref></mentioned>, derived from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ghey">*ǵʰey-</ref></mentioned>; compare Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_hesas"><ref target="#cog_san_hesas">हेषस्</ref></mentioned>, Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="ave" target="#cog_ave_zaena"><ref target="#cog_ave_zaena">𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀</ref></mentioned>, Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_gayso"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_gayso">*gayso-</ref></mentioned>, and possibly Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_khaios"><ref target="#cog_grc_khaios">χαῖος</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="1605">Beekes 2010: 1605</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="s.v. *gaiza-">Kroonen 2013: s.v. *gaiza-</bibl> <bibl corresp="#matasovic2009" n="s.v. *gayso-">Matasović 2009a: s.v. *gayso-</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Albigaizaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Albigaizą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Albigaizas, Albigaizis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Albigaizai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Albigaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Albigaiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Albigaiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>Alfgēr</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Albigaiʀ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Ælfgār</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>Elgar</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>Álfgeirr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>Álvgeir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>Álfgeir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>Alvgeir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>Alger</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
