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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Albiharjaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_albiharjaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
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      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="beekes2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/K7ES6IFT">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert</forename>
              <surname>Beekes</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kent1989" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/9T92H8XR">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Roland G.</forename>
              <surname>Kent</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>New Haven, Conn</pubPlace>
              <publisher>American Oriental Soc</publisher>
              <date>1989</date>
              <note>ISBN: 978-0-940490-33-8</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="orel2003" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/U6EVGQ9E">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Vladimir</forename>
              <surname>Orel</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2003</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="peterson2004">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon över urnordiska personnamn</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Lena</forename>
              <surname>Peterson</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Uppsala</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Institutet för språk och folkminnen</publisher>
              <date>2004</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="peterson2007">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. 5th revised edition</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Lena</forename>
              <surname>Peterson</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Uppsala</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Institutet för språk och folkminnen</publisher>
              <date>2007</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="vikstrand2009">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Pre-Christian sacral personal names in Scandinavia during the Proto-Scandinavian period</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Per</forename>
              <surname>Vikstrand</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <surname>Wolfgang Ahrens</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>Sheila Embleton</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>André Lapierre</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Names in multi-lingual, multi-cultural and multi-ethnic contact</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Toronto</pubPlace>
              <publisher>York University</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">1012–1018</biblScope>
              <date>2009</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="shahbazi">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Army i. Pre-Islamic Iran</title>
            <author>
              <forename>A. Shapur</forename>
              <surname>Shahbazi</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Encyclopaedia Iranica 2.5.</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">489–499</biblScope>
              <date>1986</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_koiranos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κοίρανος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>koíranos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>ruler, commander, military leader</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2elbhos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂elbʰós</orth>
          <def>white</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_koryos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*kóryos</orth>
          <def>war, troops</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_cuire" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>cuire</orth>
          <def>troop, host, company; muster</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ker" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*ker-</orth>
          <def>army</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_karas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>kãras</orth>
          <def>war</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_karias" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>kãrias</orth>
          <def>war</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_peo_kara" xml:lang="peo" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐎣𐎠𐎼</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kāra</orth>
          </form>
          <def>people, army</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_albiharjaz" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Albiharjaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Albiharjaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑl.βi.ˌxɑr.jɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᛒᛁᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a male given name, composed of the name-elements ‘elf’ and ‘army; warrior’</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A dithematic personal name formed from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*albi-</mentioned>, the compositional stem of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_albiz"><ref target="#pgmc_albiz">*albiz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_harjaz"><ref target="#pgmc_harjaz">*harjaz</ref></mentioned>, conventionally interpreted as ‘elf-warrior’ <bibl corresp="#peterson2004" n="s.vv. *Albigaizaz/-harjaz, *Albiharjaz (Ælfhere)">Peterson 2004: s.vv. *Albigaizaz/-harjaz, *Albiharjaz (Ælfhere)</bibl> <bibl corresp="#vikstrand2009" n="1013–14">Vikstrand 2009: 1013–14</bibl> <bibl corresp="#peterson2007" n="s.v. Alfarr">Peterson 2007: s.v. Alfarr</bibl>. The first constituent ultimately continues Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2elbhos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2elbhos">*h₂elbʰós</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#orel2003" n="s.v. *alƀaz">Orel 2003: s.v. *alƀaz</bibl>, while <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" target="#pgmc_harjaz"><ref target="#pgmc_harjaz">*harjaz</ref></mentioned> continues Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_koryos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_koryos">*kóryos</ref></mentioned>, from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ker"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ker">*ker-</ref></mentioned>; compare Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_cuire"><ref target="#cog_sga_cuire">cuire</ref></mentioned>, Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lit_karas"><ref target="#cog_lit_karas">kãras</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lit_karias"><ref target="#cog_lit_karias">kãrias</ref></mentioned>, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_koiranos"><ref target="#cog_grc_koiranos">κοίρανος</ref></mentioned>, and Old Persian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_peo_kara"><ref target="#cog_peo_kara">𐎣𐎠𐎼</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="732">Beekes 2010: 732</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kent1989" n="179">Kent 1989: 179</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="211–12">Kroonen 2013: 211–12</bibl> <bibl corresp="#shahbazi" n="§ 3" ana="#omit-author">1986: § 3</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Albiharjaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Albiharją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Albiharjas, Albiharis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Albiharjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Albiharjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Albihari</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Albihari</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>Alfheri</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>Ælfhere</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>Alfheri</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>Alfarr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>Álfar, Alvar</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>Alvar (Note: these could also be from *Albigaizaz)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Latin</lang>
                  <orth>Alvarus</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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