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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aldijǫ̂ barnō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aldijǫ_barnō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="neckel1914">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Edda: Die Lieder des Codex Regius nebst verwandten Denkmälern</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Gustav</forename>
              <surname>Neckel</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Heidelberg</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Winter</publisher>
              <date>1914</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="cathey2002">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Hêliand: Text and commentary. (Medieval European Studies 2.)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>James E.</forename>
              <surname>Cathey</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Morgantown</pubPlace>
              <publisher>West Virginia University Press</publisher>
              <date>2002</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="klaeber2008">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Klaeber's Beowulf, Fourth Edition</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Frederick</forename>
              <surname>Klaeber</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <surname>Robert E. Bjork</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>R.D. Fulk</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>John D Niles</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Toronto</pubPlace>
              <publisher>University of Toronto Press, Scholarly Publishing Division</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_elda_bearn" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>elda bearn</orth>
          <def>children of men; mankind</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_ylda_bearn" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>ylda bearn</orth>
          <def>children of men; mankind</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_osx_eldibarn" xml:lang="osx" type="cognate">
          <orth>eldibarn</orth>
          <def>children of men; mankind</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_alda_born" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>alda bǫrn</orth>
          <def>children of men</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aldijo_barno" type="noun phrase" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aldijǫ̂ barnō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aldijǫ̂ barnō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɑl.di.jɔ̃ːː ˈbɑr.nɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᛞᛁᛃᛟ ᛒᚨᚱᚾᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun phrase</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>“children of men”; mankind; humankind; a poetic collective expression for human beings generally</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto"> *aldijǫ̂ </mentioned>(genitive plural of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_aldiz"><ref target="#pgmc_aldiz">*aldiz</ref></mentioned>) + *<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">barnō</mentioned> (nominative plural of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_barna"><ref target="#pgmc_barna">*barną</ref></mentioned>), literally “children of men”. The expression is continued by Old English <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_elda_bearn"><ref target="#cog_ang_elda_bearn">elda bearn</ref></mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_ylda_bearn"><ref target="#cog_ang_ylda_bearn">ylda bearn</ref></mentioned>, Old Saxon <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_osx_eldibarn"><ref target="#cog_osx_eldibarn">eldibarn</ref></mentioned>, and Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_alda_born"><ref target="#cog_non_alda_born">alda bǫrn</ref></mentioned>, and is therefore securely reconstructible at least for Proto-Northwest Germanic; its occurrence in both North and West Germanic poetic diction makes inheritance from a common formula more economical than later interdialectal diffusion, although its existence in Proto-Germanic cannot be demonstrated <bibl corresp="#cathey2002" n="65">Cathey 2002: 65</bibl> <bibl corresp="#klaeber2008" n="11–12, xxiii">Klaeber 2008: 11–12, xxiii</bibl> <bibl corresp="#neckel1914" n="Vǫluspá 20">Neckel 1914: Vǫluspá 20</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldijō barnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ielda bearn, yldo bearn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>eldibarn</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>alda bǫrn</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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