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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aldiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aldiz_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_ielde" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>ielde</orth>
          <def>people, men</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_osx_aldi" xml:lang="osx" type="reflex">
          <orth>aldi</orth>
          <def>human being, person</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_osx_eldi" xml:lang="osx" type="reflex">
          <orth>eldi</orth>
          <def>human being, person</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aldiz_2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aldiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aldiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑl.diz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᛞᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>human being, person; especially collectively/plurally, people, men</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">The same formation as the feminine homonym<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto"> *aldiz</mentioned> (‘age, generation; lifetime’), with a secondary personal meaning probably developing from ‘generation, age-group’ to ‘people, members of a generation’ and subsequently lexicalized as a masculine personal noun. The personal use is especially reflected by Old English <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_ielde"><ref target="#cog_ang_ielde">ielde</ref></mentioned>, Old Saxon <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_osx_aldi"><ref target="#cog_osx_aldi">aldi</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_osx_eldi"><ref target="#cog_osx_eldi">eldi</ref></mentioned>, and the genitive plural in <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_aldijo_barno"><ref target="#pgmc_aldijo_barno">*aldijǫ̂ barnō</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="s.v. *aldi-">Kroonen 2013: s.v. *aldi-</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#nom #sg">
              <orth>aldiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#nom #pl">
              <orth>aldīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#acc #sg">
              <orth>aldį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#acc #pl">
              <orth>aldinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#gen #sg">
              <orth>aldīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#gen #pl">
              <orth>aldijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#dat #sg">
              <orth>aldī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#dat #pl">
              <orth>aldimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#instr #sg">
              <orth>aldī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#instr #pl">
              <orth>aldimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#voc #sg">
              <orth>aldi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#voc #pl">
              <orth>aldīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ielde, ilde, ylde, ælde, elde</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Lombardic</lang>
                    <orth>*aldi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Late Latin</lang>
                      <orth>aldius</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>aldi, eldi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>eldibarn</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ǫld</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>old</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>øld</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>öld</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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