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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aljamarkiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aljamarkiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="koch2020" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TP2TCBZY">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">CELTO-GERMANIC Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and West</title>
            <author>
              <forename>John T.</forename>
              <surname>Koch</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Canolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru</publisher>
              <date>2020</date>
              <note type="accessed">2026-07-24T20:45:04Z</note>
              <note type="url">https://www.academia.edu/44802752/CELTO_GERMANIC_Later_Prehistory_and_Post_Proto_Indo_European_vocabulary_in_the_North_and_West</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="weiss2012">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Interesting i-stems in Irish</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Michael</forename>
              <surname>Weiss</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <surname>Adam I. Cooper</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>Jeremy Rau</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>Michael Weiss</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Multi Nominis Grammaticus: Studies in Classical and Indo-European Linguistics in Honor of Alan J. Nussbaum</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Ann Arbor</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Beech Stave Press</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="page">341–356</biblScope>
              <date>2012</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_mrogis" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*mrogis</orth>
          <def>region, country</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2elyos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂élyos</orth>
          <def>other, another</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_morgs" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*mórǵs</orth>
          <def>edge, boundary, border</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_margo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>margō</orth>
          <def>border, edge</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_gmq-x-proto_aljamarkir" xml:lang="gmq-x-proto" type="reflex">
          <orth>ᚨᛚᛃᚨᛗᚨᚱᚲᛁᛉ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aljamarkiʀ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>foreign, foreigner</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_alyo_mrogi" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*alyo-mrogi-</orth>
          <def>foreigner</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xtg_allobroges" xml:lang="xtg" type="cognate">
          <orth>Allobroges</orth>
          <def>foreigners</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_cy-x-middle_allfro" xml:lang="cy-x-middle" type="cognate">
          <orth>allfro</orth>
          <def>foreigners</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ave_mar_za" xml:lang="ave" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>marəza</orth>
          </form>
          <def>border, district</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_fa_marz" xml:lang="fa" type="cognate">
          <orth>مَرْز</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>marz</orth>
          </form>
          <def>boundary, frontier</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aljamarkiz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljamarkiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aljamarkiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑl.jɑ.ˌmɑr.kiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᛃᚨᛗᚨᚱᚲᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>foreign, alien; a foreigner, one from another territory or country</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From a compound <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*alja-marki-</mentioned>, literally ‘of/from another borderland or country’, from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_aljaz"><ref target="#pgmc_aljaz">*aljaz</ref></mentioned> + a formation derived from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_marko"><ref target="#pgmc_marko">*markō</ref></mentioned>. The compound is directly attested as Proto-Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_gmq-x-proto_aljamarkir"><ref target="#cog_gmq-x-proto_aljamarkir">ᚨᛚᛃᚨᛗᚨᚱᚲᛁᛉ</ref></mentioned>, apparently used substantivally in <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">ek aljamarkiʀ</mentioned> ‘I, the foreigner’ <bibl corresp="#koch2020" n="112">Koch 2020: 112</bibl>. Compare with Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_alyo_mrogi"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_alyo_mrogi">*alyo-mrogi-</ref></mentioned>, reflected in Gaulish <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_xtg_allobroges"><ref target="#cog_xtg_allobroges">Allobroges</ref></mentioned> and Middle Welsh <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cy-x-middle_allfro"><ref target="#cog_cy-x-middle_allfro">allfro</ref></mentioned>; Koch reconstructs a common Celto-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*alyo-morgi- ~ *alyo-mrogi-</mentioned>.</seg>
            <seg type="p">The first constituent ultimately continues Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2elyos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2elyos">*h₂élyos</ref></mentioned>, while the second belongs to PIE <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_morgs"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_morgs">*mórǵs</ref></mentioned>, whence also Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_mrogis"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_mrogis">*mrogis</ref></mentioned>, Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_margo"><ref target="#cog_lat_margo">margō</ref></mentioned>, Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ave_mar_za"><ref target="#cog_ave_mar_za">𐬨𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬀</ref></mentioned>, and Persian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_fa_marz"><ref target="#cog_fa_marz">مَرْز</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#koch2020" n="112">Koch 2020: 112</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="355">Kroonen 2013: 355</bibl> <bibl corresp="#weiss2012" n="350">Weiss 2012: 350</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkį, -jatō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijas, aljamarkīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijas, aljamarkīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>aljamarkijaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>aljamarkijammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᚨᛚᛃᚨᛗᚨᚱᚲᛁᛉ (aljamarkiʀ)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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