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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aljaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aljaną_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/SV2QGL7V">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Gothic Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1986a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="markey2014" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/PGNGS4KC">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Early Nordic alu and al- ‘to nourish’</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas L.</forename>
              <surname>Markey</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Bernard</forename>
              <surname>Mees</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Journal of Indo-European Studies</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">1-17</biblScope>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vaan2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/D3FJ3Q59">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Michiel</forename>
              <surname>de Vaan</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2el_x3" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂el-</orth>
          <def>to grow, nourish</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_got_alidan" xml:lang="got" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>alidan</orth>
          </form>
          <def>fattened</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_adoleo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>adoleō</orth>
          <def>to burn (as an offering)</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_itc-x-proto_oleje" xml:lang="itc-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*oleje-</orth>
          <def>to feed the fire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xum_uretu" xml:lang="xum" type="cognate">
          <orth>uřetu</orth>
          <def>shall burn</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aljana_2" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aljaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑl.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to cause to grow or mature; to rear, fatten</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">The causative of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_alana"><ref target="#pgmc_alana">*alaną</ref></mentioned>, continuing Proto-Indo-European<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto"> *h₂ol-éye/o-</mentioned>, the o-grade causative of root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2el_x3"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2el_x3">*h₂el-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="23">Kroonen 2013: 23</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="262">Rix et al. 2001: 262</bibl>. Gothic directly attests only the past participle <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_alidan"><ref target="#cog_got_alidan">𐌰𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽</ref></mentioned>, literally ‘caused to be nourished’ <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986a" n="28">Lehmann 1986a: 28</bibl> <bibl corresp="#markey2014" n="4–5">Markey &amp; Mees 2014: 4–5</bibl>. Cognate in formation with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_adoleo"><ref target="#cog_lat_adoleo">adoleō</ref></mentioned> &lt; Proto-Italic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_itc-x-proto_oleje"><ref target="#cog_itc-x-proto_oleje">*oleje-</ref></mentioned>, whose meaning developed from ‘feed the fire’ to ‘burn’; compare Umbrian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_xum_uretu"><ref target="#cog_xum_uretu">uřetu</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#de_vaan2008" n="24–25">de Vaan 2008: 24–25</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="262">Rix et al. 2001: 262</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aljō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aljaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>aljai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>alisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aljais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ali</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aljasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>aljaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aliþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aljai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aljaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aljaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>aljaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aljōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>aljaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aljaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aljaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>aljaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aljamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aljaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aljanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>aljainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aliþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aljaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aliþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aljanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>aljainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aljanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aljain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aljanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aljanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>aljainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>alidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>alidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>alidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>alidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>alidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>alidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>alidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>alidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>alidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>alidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>alidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>alidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>alidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>alidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>alidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>alidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>aljandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>alidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>aljaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aljan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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