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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aljar</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aljar</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="fulk2018" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/DLDN5DUK">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert D.</forename>
              <surname>Fulk</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>John Benjamins Publishing Company</publisher>
              <date>2018</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/SV2QGL7V">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Gothic Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1986a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_got_aljar" xml:lang="got" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍂</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>aljar</orth>
          </form>
          <def>elsewhere</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_aljar" type="adverb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aljar">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>aljar</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑl.jɑr</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᛃᚨᚱ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adverb</pos>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>elsewhere; in another place</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From the pronominal stem *<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">alja-</mentioned> of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_aljaz"><ref target="#pgmc_aljaz">*aljaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-r</mentioned>, an inherited locative element forming static place adverbs (‘where?’) from pronominal stems; compare <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_he2r"><ref target="#pgmc_he2r">*hē₂r</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_hwar"><ref target="#pgmc_hwar">*hwar</ref></mentioned>, and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_thar"><ref target="#pgmc_thar">*þar</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#fulk2018" n="237">Fulk 2018: 237</bibl>. Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_aljar"><ref target="#cog_got_aljar">𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍂</ref></mentioned> 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍂 (aljar, ‘elsewhere’) and the West Germanic reflexes confirm the Proto-Germanic formation <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986a" n="28">Lehmann 1986a: 28</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*alljar</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ellor</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>ellior</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*alljar</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ellar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>eller, elre, eldre</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>elders</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>elders</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐍂 (aljar)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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