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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *alþį̄</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_alþį</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ringe2014" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/VYF68MEL">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English, 2)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Don</forename>
              <surname>Ringe</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Ann</forename>
              <surname>Taylor</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="de_vries1977" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MIN5YP8Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altnordisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Jan</forename>
              <surname>de Vries</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1977</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2el_x3" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂el-</orth>
          <def>to grow, nourish</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_althi" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/alþį̄">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>alþį̄</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑl.θĩː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛚᚦᛁ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">īn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>oldness, eld</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>period of life or time, age</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>olden times, yore</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Possibly from a reformulation of Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂él-ti- </mentioned>from root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2el_x3"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2el_x3">*h₂el-</ref></mentioned>, as an <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">īn</mentioned>-stem <bibl corresp="#de_vries1977" n="s.v. elli">de Vries 1977: s.v. elli</bibl>. It belongs to the same word family as <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_alana"><ref target="#pgmc_alana">*alaną</ref></mentioned> and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_aldaz"><ref target="#pgmc_aldaz">*aldaz</ref></mentioned>. West Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*aldīn-</mentioned> reflects later analogical generalization of <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*d</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#ringe2014" n="232">Ringe &amp; Taylor 2014: 232</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>alþį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>alþīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>alþīnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>alþīnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>alþīniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>alþīnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>alþīni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>alþīmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>alþīnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>alþīmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>alþį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>alþīniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>eldi, *aldi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>oude, elde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>oude</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>elde</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ild, yld, æld, eld, ieldu, ildu, ildo, yldo, ældu, eldo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>elde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>eld</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>eild, eeld</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>elde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>jelde</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>jeld</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>altī, eltī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>elte, alte-, alta-</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Älte</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*aldī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>eldī</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>olde</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>elli</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>elli</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>elli</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ælle</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>elli</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ælde</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>elde, elda</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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