Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ambahtazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ambahtaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Handbuch der vergleichenden gotischen GrammatikErnstKieckersMax Hueber Verlag1960CELTO-GERMANIC Later Prehistory and Post-Proto-Indo-European vocabulary in the North and WestJohn T.KochCanolfan Uwchefrydiau Cymreig a Cheltaidd Prifysgol Cymru20202026-07-24T20:45:04Zhttps://www.academia.edu/44802752/CELTO_GERMANIC_Later_Prehistory_and_Post_Proto_Indo_European_vocabulary_in_the_North_and_WestEuropean Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited10.1017/9781009261753.018Paulusvan SluisAnders RichardtJørgensenGuusKroonenKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European Puzzle RevisitedCambridge University Press193-24420232026-07-31T23:07:59Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_partISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2A Gothic Etymological DictionaryWinfred P.LehmannBrill1986aEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)RankoMatasovićBrill2009aEstudio lingüístico del antropónimo hispano-céltico AmbatusEstebanNgomo FernándezMyrtia 40117–1292025*h₂eǵ-to drive*h₂m̥bʰíby, around*-tó-forms verbal adjectives from verb roots*ambaxto-servant, representative, vassalAMBACTOSvassalambaithagricultureamaethploughman, farmer𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃servant
nounmasculinea-stemservant, retainerrepresentative, agentBorrowed from Celtic *ambaxto-, reflected in Gaulish AMBACTOS, Old Breton ambaith, and Middle Welsh amaethKoch 2020: 114Matasović 2009a: 32van Sluis et al. 2023: 201. The Celtic word is a *-tó- participial formation, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₂m̥bʰí + *h₂eǵ-, with the original sense ‘one sent around’, hence ‘one acting on behalf of a superior’ Koch 2020: 114Matasović 2009a: 32. Hispano-Celtic Ambatus probably belongs to the same formation despite uncertainty over the Celtiberian treatment of earlier -kt-/-xt- Ngomo Fernández 2025: 126–27. The borrowing may predate or postdate the major Proto-Germanic consonant shifts, since its consonants are not chronologically diagnostic; a later borrowing is considered more likely, while its pan-Germanic distribution requires borrowing before the breakup of Proto-Germanic Koch 2020: 38, 47, 80van Sluis et al. 2023: 204. Note that Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 exhibits folk-etymological remodeling based on native 𐌰𐌽𐌳- (and-), accounting for the -nd- instead of the expected -mb-Kieckers 1960: 229Lehmann 1986a: 36.