<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ambahtiją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ambahtiją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/SV2QGL7V">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Gothic Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1986a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_got_andbahti" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>andbahti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>office, service, assistance</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_got_andbahts" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>andbahts</orth>
          </form>
          <def>servant</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ambahtija" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ambahtiją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ambahtiją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑm.bɑx.ti.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛗᛒᚨᚺᛏᛁᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>service, ministry</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>office, duty</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ambahtaz"><ref target="#pgmc_ambahtaz">*ambahtaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_i_ja"><ref target="#pgmc_i_ja">*-(i)ją</ref></mentioned>. The derivation is reflected directly by Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_andbahti"><ref target="#cog_got_andbahti">𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹</ref></mentioned> beside <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_andbahts"><ref target="#cog_got_andbahts">𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃</ref></mentioned>  <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986a" n="36">Lehmann 1986a: 36</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>ambahtiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>ambahtijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>ambahtiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>ambahtijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>ambahtijas, ambahtīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>ambahtijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>ambahtijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>ambahtijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>ambahtijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>ambahtijamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>ambahtiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>ambahtijō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ambahtī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*ambaht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ambacht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ambacht</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>ambag</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ambahtī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ambeht, ambiht, ambieht, ambyht</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ambahtī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>ambecht, ambet, ambt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Amt</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ambacht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ambahtī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ambaht, ambahti, ampaht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ampt, amt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>amb</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ambahtī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ambaht, ambahti, ampaht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ampt, amt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ambt</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>amp</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ambahtī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ambaht, ambahti, ampaht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ambahte, ambehte, ambet, ammet, ampt, amt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Amt, Ambt, Ammt, Ampt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*ambahtī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>ambaht, *ambehti</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>ambacht, ambecht, ambet, ambt, amt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>amt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Ambacht, Amt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>embætti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>embede</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>embæti, ambæti</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>embætti</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>embete</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>embætti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>æmbiti, æmbæti</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ämbete</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹 (andbahti)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
