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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *anabūsniz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_anabūsniz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/SV2QGL7V">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Gothic Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1986a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="holthausen1967">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altsächsisches Wörterbuch. 2nd edn. (Niederdeutsche Studien 1.)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ferdinand</forename>
              <surname>Holthausen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Cologne &amp; Graz</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Böhlau Verlag</publisher>
              <date>1967</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_got_anabusns" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌿𐍃𐌽𐍃</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>anabusns</orth>
          </form>
          <def>commandment, precept</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_entole" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἐντολή</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>entolḗ</orth>
          </form>
          <def>commandment, injunction</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_osx_ambusan" xml:lang="osx" type="cognate">
          <orth>ambūsan</orth>
          <def>commandment</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_osx_anbusan" xml:lang="osx" type="cognate">
          <orth>anbūsan</orth>
          <def>commandment</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_anabusniz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anabūsniz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>anabūsniz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɑ.nɑ.ˈbuːs.niz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚾᚨᛒᚢᛊᚾᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>commandment</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>precept; instruction, injunction</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ana_x3"><ref target="#pgmc_ana_x3">*ana-</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_busniz"><ref target="#pgmc_busniz">*būsniz</ref></mentioned>, a deverbal noun derived from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_anabeudana"><ref target="#pgmc_anabeudana">*anabeudaną</ref></mentioned>. The compound is attested in Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_anabusns"><ref target="#cog_got_anabusns">𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌿𐍃𐌽𐍃</ref></mentioned>, where it translates Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_entole"><ref target="#cog_grc_entole">ἐντολή</ref></mentioned> in the Gothic Bible. Semantically, the compound represents a development from ‘something put forward/offered’ to ‘something imposed or prescribed’, hence ‘commandment’ <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986a" n="31">Lehmann 1986a: 31</bibl>. In Old Saxon, the forms <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_osx_ambusan"><ref target="#cog_osx_ambusan">ambūsan</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_osx_anbusan"><ref target="#cog_osx_anbusan">anbūsan</ref></mentioned> are attested in the <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Heliand</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#holthausen1967" n="2">Holthausen 1967: 2</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>anabūsniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>anabūsnīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>anabūsnį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>anabūsninz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>anabūsnīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>anabūsnijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>anabūsnī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>anabūsnimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>anabūsnī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>anabūsnimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>anabūsni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>anabūsnīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>ambūsan, ambūsan</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌿𐍃𐌽𐍃 (anabūsns)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
