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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *andabindaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_andabindaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_got_andbindan" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>andbindan</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to unbind</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_onbindan" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>onbindan</orth>
          <def>to unbind, release</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_goh_antbintan" xml:lang="goh" type="cognate">
          <orth>antbintan</orth>
          <def>to unbind</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_andabindana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/andabindaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>andabindaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˌɑn.dɑ.ˈbin.dɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚾᛞᚨᛒᛁᚾᛞᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to unbind, loosen, set free</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_anda"><ref target="#pgmc_anda">*anda-</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_bindana"><ref target="#pgmc_bindana">*bindaną</ref></mentioned>. The verb is preserved in Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_andbindan"><ref target="#cog_got_andbindan">𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽</ref></mentioned>, Old English <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_onbindan"><ref target="#cog_ang_onbindan">onbindan</ref></mentioned>, Old High German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_goh_antbintan"><ref target="#cog_goh_antbintan">antbintan</ref></mentioned>, and related formations, where the prefix <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_anda"><ref target="#pgmc_anda">*anda-</ref></mentioned> regularly develops the privative or reversal sense ‘away from, against, undoing’.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>andabindō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>andabindaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>andabindai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>andabindizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>andabindaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>andabind</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>andabindazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>andabindaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>andabindidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>andabindai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>andabindadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>andabindadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>andabindaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>andabindōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>andabindaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>andabindadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>andabindaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>andabindadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>andabindamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>andabindaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>anda-bindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>anda-bindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>andabindid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>andabindaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>andabindid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>anda-bindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>anda-bindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>andabindandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>andabindain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>anda-bindandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>anda-bindandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>anda-bindaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>andaband</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>andabundį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>andabanst</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>andabundīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>andaband</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>andabundī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>andabundū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>andabundīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>andabundudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>andabundīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>andabundum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>andabundīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>andabundud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>andabundīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>andabundun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>andabundīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>andabindandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>andabundanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>andabindaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*andabindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>antbindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>ontbinden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>ontbinden</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*andabindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>onbindan, unbindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>unbinden, unbynden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>unbind</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>unbynd, unbind</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*andabindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>andbinda, undbinda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>äntbiende</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ûntbine</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*andabindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>intbintan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>enbinden, entbinden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>entbinden</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>entbannen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*andabindan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>andbindan, antbindan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>untbinden, entbinden</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>entbinden, entbinnen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 (andbindan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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