Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *andi Scott K. Shay Wardja Press https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_andi

Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.

 Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme George E. Dunkel Universitätsverlag Winter 2 2014 Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 5) Alwin Kloekhorst Brill 2008 The Proto-Germanic n-Stems: A Study in Diachronic Morphophonology Guus Kroonen Rodopi 2011a From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition) Don Ringe Oxford Oxford University Press 2017 The American heritage dictionary of Indo-European roots Calvert Watkins Boston Houghton Mifflin Harcourt 2011 Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7) Michiel de Vaan Brill 2008 ἀντί
antí
against, opposite *h₂énti opposite, in front *h₂énts forehead, front ante in front, before अन्ति
ánti
near, before, to 𒄩𒀭𒍝
ḫa-an-za /ḫants/
in front, forehead *án-ti ~ *án-th₂ on the other side, opposite ընդ
ənd
to, at, towards, by
andi ˈɑn.di ᚨᚾᛞᛁ
conjunction in addition, also; later, especially in West Germanic, ‘and’ Usually derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti, the locative singular of the root noun *h₂énts. Ringe 2017: 89 reconstructs an accent shift *h₂ánti → *h₂antí in the prehistory of Germanic; Grimm’s Law then gave *t > *þ, and the post-root accent triggered Verner’s Law *þ > *d, yielding pre-Germanic *andí > Proto-Germanic *andi, neatly accounting for the otherwise unexpected medial *-d-. The semantic path is less certain: an intermediate additive or mildly adversative sense ‘on the other side; in addition’ is preferable; Ringe reconstructs Proto-Germanic *andi as ‘in addition’ and assigns ordinary coordinating ‘and’ specifically to Proto-West Germanic, while Dunkel 2014: 306–11 questions the traditional derivation and allows much of the non-Anatolian material to continue an adverbial *án-ti ~ *án-th₂ rather than the root noun *h₂énts itself. Cognates of the inherited spatial formation include Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝, Ancient Greek ἀντί, Vedic Sanskrit अन्ति, and Latin ante; Old Armenian ընդ is probably related, though its precise derivation is less secure de Vaan 2008: 45 Dunkel 2014: 306–11 Kloekhorst 2008: 287–89 Kroonen 2011a: 85–86 Watkins 2011: s.v. ant-.
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old Dutch ande, enda, in, indi, unde Middle Dutch ende, en, end, enn, enne, inde, unde, ande Limburgish ènde, ènd, èn, è
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old Dutch ande, enda, in, indi, unde Middle Dutch ende, en, end, enn, enne, inde, unde, ande Dutch en, ende Afrikaans en
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old English and, ond, end, ᚪᚾᛞ (and), ᛖᚾᛞ (end) Middle English and, annd, ant, an, en, ⁊, & English and
Scots an
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old Frisian and, ande, ende North Frisian än
Saterland Frisian un
West Frisian en, in
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old High German unti, unta, unte, unda, undi, unde, un, anti, and, enti, endi, end, inti, indi, int, in Middle High German unde, unt, und, unn, onde, ont, inde Bavarian und
German und
Yiddish און (un)
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old High German unti, unta, unte, unda, undi, unde, un, anti, and, enti, endi, end, inti, indi, int, in Middle High German unde, unt, und, unn, onde, ont, inde Central Franconian en, an, on, un Luxembourgish an
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old High German unti, unta, unte, unda, undi, unde, un, anti, and, enti, endi, end, inti, indi, int, in Middle High German unde, unt, und, unn, onde, ont, inde Rhine Franconian un, on Pennsylvania German un
Proto-West Germanic *and, *andi Old Saxon endi Middle Low German ende, end, en, unde, und, un, inde, ind, in, ande Dutch Low Saxon en, in
Low German un, on
Plautdietsch un, en
Old Norse en, enn Danish end
Icelandic en
Norwegian Bokmål enn
Norwegian Nynorsk enn, en
Old Norse en, enn Old Swedish æn Swedish än