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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *angraz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_angraz_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="krahe1969" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/6TKE9TIV">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Germanische Sprachwissenschaft III: Wortbildungslehre</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Hans</forename>
              <surname>Krahe</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Wolfgang</forename>
              <surname>Meid</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Walter de Gruyter</publisher>
              <date>1969</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="furlan2023">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">The New Slovenian Etymological Dictionary as a Growing Online Dictionary, 2017–: The 2023 Additions (Designations for ‘Scorpion’, ‘Colorado Beetle’, ‘June Beetle’, and ‘Cockchafer’)</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.3986/JZ.29.2.01</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>M.</forename>
              <surname>Furlan</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Jezikoslovni Zapiski, 29(2)</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">7–36</biblScope>
              <date>2023</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_ogr" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*ǫgrъ</orth>
          <def>larva</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_og_r" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*ǫgъrь</orth>
          <def>eel</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_prg_angurgis" xml:lang="prg" type="cognate">
          <orth>*angurgis</orth>
          <def>eel</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_oz" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*ǫžь</orth>
          <def>snake</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_ahi" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>अहि</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>áhi-</orth>
          </form>
          <def>snake</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_goh_angar" xml:lang="goh" type="reflex">
          <orth>angar</orth>
          <def>grain grub, larva</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_deu_engerling" xml:lang="deu" type="reflex">
          <orth>Engerling</orth>
          <def>cockchafer grub</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2engwhis" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂éngʷʰis</orth>
          <def>snake, serpent, larva</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_goh_engirinc" xml:lang="goh" type="reflex">
          <orth>engirinc</orth>
          <def>grub</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_angraz_2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/angraz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>angraz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑŋ.ɡrɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚾᚷᚱᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>weevil</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂engʷʰ-ro-s</mentioned>, a <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-ro-</mentioned> derivative belonging to the same word-family as PIE <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2engwhis"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2engwhis">*h₂éngʷʰis</ref></mentioned>. A particularly close cognate is Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_ogr"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_ogr">*ǫgrъ</ref></mentioned>. Related Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_og_r"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_og_r">*ǫgъrь</ref></mentioned> and Old Prussian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_prg_angurgis"><ref target="#cog_prg_angurgis">*angurgis</ref></mentioned> preserve the associated worm- or snake-like animal sense, while Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_oz"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_oz">*ǫžь</ref></mentioned> and Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_san_ahi"><ref target="#cog_san_ahi">अहि</ref></mentioned> continue the related PIE <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">i</mentioned>-stem <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂éngʷʰ-i- ~ *h₂n̥gʷʰ-éy- </mentioned><bibl corresp="#furlan2023" n="27–28, s.v. ogrc1">Furlan 2023: 27–28, s.v. ogrc1</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="28">Kroonen 2013: 28</bibl>. The semantic development is probably based on the resemblance of beetle larvae to small worms or snakes in appearance and movement <bibl corresp="#furlan2023" n="28">Furlan 2023: 28</bibl>. Old High German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_goh_angar"><ref target="#cog_goh_angar">angar</ref></mentioned> also underlies <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_goh_engirinc"><ref target="#cog_goh_engirinc">engirinc</ref></mentioned>, continued ultimately by German <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_deu_engerling"><ref target="#cog_deu_engerling">Engerling</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#krahe1969" n="202">Krahe &amp; Meid 1969: 202</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="28">Kroonen 2013: 28</bibl>. Not related to homonymous <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_angraz_1"><ref target="#pgmc_angraz_1">*angraz¹</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>angraz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>angrōz, angrōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>angrą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>angranz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>angras, angris</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>angrǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>angrai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>angramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>angrō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>angramiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>angr</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>angrōz, angrōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>angar</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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