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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *angô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_angô_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
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        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="martirosyan2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/EDNDBVND">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 8)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Hrach</forename>
              <surname>Martirosyan</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="matasovic2009" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/B5HK3DUW">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ranko</forename>
              <surname>Matasović</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2009a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="olsen1999" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/5YMJJZBJ">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Birgit Anette</forename>
              <surname>Olsen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Berlin New York</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Mouton de Gruyter</publisher>
              <date>1999</date>
              <note>ISBN: 978-3-11-016483-1; callNumber: 491.992 5</note>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="orel2003" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/U6EVGQ9E">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Handbook of Germanic Etymology</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Vladimir</forename>
              <surname>Orel</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2003</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="meyer2023">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Iranian Syntax in Classical Armenian</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robin</forename>
              <surname>Meyer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2023</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="document" xml:id="kim2024">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">A lonely monk? Armenian evidence for the pattern of Greek πατήρ : εὐπάτωρ</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ronald I.</forename>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <surname>Petr Kocharov</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <surname>Daniel Kölligan</surname>
            </editor>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Studies in Armenian Grammar and Lexicon: Proceedings of the Workshop on Armenian Linguistics, Würzburg, 4–5 April 2022, 57–96</title>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Dettelbach</pubPlace>
              <publisher>J.H. Röll</publisher>
              <date>2024</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="kolligan2022">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">From ‘throat’ to ‘self’? A note on the development of reflexive markers and Armenian anjn</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Daniel</forename>
              <surname>Kölligan</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft 74(2)</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">41–60</biblScope>
              <date>2022</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_anatla" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*anatlā</orth>
          <def>breath</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_aniti" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>अनिति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ániti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to breathe, live</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂enh₁-</orth>
          <def>to breathe</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2emgh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂emǵʰ-</orth>
          <def>to constrict, tighten, compress; narrow, tight; distressed, anxious</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2engh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂enǵʰ-</orth>
          <def>to constrict, tighten, compress; narrow, tight; distressed, anxious</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xcl_anjn" xml:lang="xcl" type="cognate">
          <orth>անձն</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>anjn</orth>
          </form>
          <def>person; life, soul; body</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_non_angi" xml:lang="non" type="reflex">
          <orth>angi</orth>
          <def>sweet odor</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ango_2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/angô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>angô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑŋ.ɡɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚾᚷᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>smell, scent, odor</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Etymology uncertain. Traditionally compared with Old Armenian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_xcl_anjn"><ref target="#cog_xcl_anjn">անձն</ref></mentioned> and derived from an extended form Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂enh₁-ǵʰ-</mentioned> from root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1">*h₂enh₁-</ref></mentioned>, perhaps through <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂en(h₁)ǵʰ-ō</mentioned>; the comparison is semantically attractive and has been accepted by several authorities <bibl corresp="#martirosyan2010" n="93–94">Martirosyan 2010: 93–94</bibl> <bibl corresp="#meyer2023" n="192">Meyer 2023: 192</bibl> <bibl corresp="#olsen1999" n="120">Olsen 1999: 120</bibl> <bibl corresp="#orel2003" n="19">Orel 2003: 19</bibl>. The root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1">*h₂enh₁-</ref></mentioned> itself is securely established (compare Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_san_aniti"><ref target="#cog_san_aniti">अनिति</ref></mentioned>, Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_anatla"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_anatla">*anatlā</ref></mentioned>, and Proto-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_anana"><ref target="#pgmc_anana">*ananą</ref></mentioned>), but these forms support only the root, not the proposed<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto"> *-ǵʰ-</mentioned> extension <bibl corresp="#matasovic2009" n="35">Matasović 2009a: 35</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="267">Rix et al. 2001: 267</bibl>. Newer research casts doubt on the Armenian equation: Kölligan <bibl corresp="#kolligan2022" n="41–44" ana="#omit-author">2022: 41–44</bibl> instead compares Old Armenian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_xcl_anjn"><ref target="#cog_xcl_anjn">անձն</ref></mentioned> to the Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">n</mentioned>-stem *<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">angan-</mentioned> (= <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ango_1"><ref target="#pgmc_ango_1">*angô¹</ref></mentioned> ), deriving that set from PIE <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2emgh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2emgh">*h₂emǵʰ-</ref></mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2engh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2engh">*h₂enǵʰ-</ref></mentioned>, while Kim <bibl corresp="#kim2024" n="71–72, n. 21" ana="#omit-author">2024: 71–72, n. 21</bibl> notes that the traditional derivation of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_xcl_anjn"><ref target="#cog_xcl_anjn">անձն</ref></mentioned> and ON <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_angi"><ref target="#cog_non_angi">angi</ref></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1">*h₂enh₁-</ref></mentioned> requires an unmotivated <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">-ǵʰ-</mentioned> extension. The Germanic ‘smell’ noun itself is directly represented only by Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_non_angi"><ref target="#cog_non_angi">angi</ref></mentioned>, so its deeper Indo-European etymology should remain tentative <bibl corresp="#orel2003" n="19">Orel 2003: 19</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>angô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>anganiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>anganų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>anganunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>anginiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>anganǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>angini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>angammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>anginē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>angammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>angô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>anganiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>angi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ange</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>angi</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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