Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *anhtōScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_anhtō
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)RankoMatasovićBrill2009aA Handbook of Germanic EtymologyVladimirOrelBrill2003From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017Lexikon der indogermanischen VerbenHelmutRixMartinKümmelThomasZehnderReinerLippBrigitteSchirmerWiesbadenReichert2001Per un’etimologia del sistema: itt. ḫe/inkan-PaolaDardanoAtti del Sodalizio Glottologico Milanese n.s. 1441–542020Abstrakta mit Dentalsuffixen im AltirischenBritta S.IrslingerHeidelbergUniversitätsverlag C. Winter2002*anxtuslaughter*h₂neḱ-to reach*h₂enǵʰ-to constrict, tighten, compress; narrow, tight; distressed, anxious*h₂enk-curve, bendéchtbloodbath, slaughter*neku-death*h₂enḱ-assign, allot, allocate𒄭𒅔𒅗to assign, allot𒄭𒅔𒃷death, doom; plague
nounfeminineō-stemoutlawry, proscription; persecution, hostile pursuitProbably from pre-Germanic *h₂ank-t-, ultimately connected with the root *h₂enḱ- reflected in Hittite 𒄭𒅔𒅗; Ringe explicitly derives *h₂ank-t- > Proto-Germanic *anhtōRinge 2017: 117Rix et al. 2001: 268, s.v. *h₂enḱ-. Dardano 2020: 41–49 lends further support to this interpretation by analyzing Hittite 𒄭𒅔𒃷 as a deverbal abstract noun derived from, with the semantic development ‘that which is allotted’ → ‘allotted portion, lot’ → ‘fate’ → ‘ill fate, death’ → ‘plague’. Following García Ramón, she favors treating PIE *h₂enḱ- as a Schwebeablaut variant of *h₂neḱ-, while distinguishing this root from PIE *h₂enk-. Old Irish écht < Proto-Celtic *anxtu is probably related, although its deeper analysis remains disputed: Matasović 2009: 37, s.v. anku- derives it from PIE n̥ḱ-tu- beside *neku-, whereas Irslinger 2002: 96–98 observes that zero grade is unexpected in this type of -tu- noun and instead favors derivation from *h₂enḱ-, supported semantically by Hittite 𒄭𒅔𒅗 and its derivative 𒄭𒅔𒃷, which demonstrates the development ‘allotted portion, lot’ → ‘fate’ → ‘death’.If Irslinger’s analysis is correct, Germanic and Celtic preserve parallel inherited dental formations, and no borrowing need be assumed. The alternative derivation from *h₂enk- is much less likely, since LIV explicitly distinguishes that root from *h₂enḱ- and the former offers no convincing semantic route to ‘outlawry, persecution’ Rix et al. 2001: 268, s.v. *h₂enk-. Orel’s 2003: 20, s.v. *anxtō association with the Germanic ‘narrow, constricted’ family and thus ultimately with *h₂enǵʰ- remains phonologically possible, but the direct convergence of Germanic *anhtō, Celtic *anxtu, and Hittite 𒄭𒅔𒃷 around ‘fate, death, slaughter, outlawry’ makes the *h₂enḱ- analysis appreciably stronger.