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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *anhulō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_anhulō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="beekes2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/K7ES6IFT">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert</forename>
              <surname>Beekes</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="derksen2015" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/BW5GUN9K">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 13)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rick</forename>
              <surname>Derksen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2015</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ringe2017" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/JNX9KYWA">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Don</forename>
              <surname>Ringe</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_ankule" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἀγκύλη</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ankúlē</orth>
          </form>
          <def>leather belt</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2enk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂enk-</orth>
          <def>curve, bend</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_anka" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>ánka</orth>
          <def>sling, loop</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_anhulo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anhulō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>anhulō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑ̃ː.xu.lɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚾᚺᚢᛚᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a strap, band, or thong, especially one forming a loop or fastening</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂énk-ul-eh₂</mentioned>, from root <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enk">*h₂enk-</ref></mentioned>, probably originally denoting a bent or looped object and hence a strap or thong <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="12–13, s.v. ἀγκύλος">Beekes 2010: 12–13, s.v. ἀγκύλος</bibl> <bibl corresp="#derksen2015" n="56, s.v. anka">Derksen 2015: 56, s.v. anka</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="29">Kroonen 2013: 29</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ringe2017" n="124">Ringe 2017: 124</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="268">Rix et al. 2001: 268</bibl>. Ringe reconstructs the phonological preform as <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ánkulah₂</mentioned> and notes that <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*anhulō</mentioned> beside <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_angulaz"><ref target="#pgmc_angulaz">*angulaz</ref></mentioned> preserves an inherited accentual contrast: root accent in <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ánkulah₂</mentioned> prevented Verner voicing of the fricative produced by Grimm’s Law (*k &gt; *h), whereas suffixal accent in <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂ankulós</mentioned> yielded *g in <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_angulaz"><ref target="#pgmc_angulaz">*angulaz</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#ringe2017" n="124">Ringe 2017: 124</bibl>. Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_ankule"><ref target="#cog_grc_ankule">ἀγκύλη</ref></mentioned> from the same feminine formation, and related to Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lit_anka"><ref target="#cog_lit_anka">ánka</ref></mentioned>, from the same PIE root <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="12–13, s.v. ἀγκύλος">Beekes 2010: 12–13, s.v. ἀγκύλος</bibl> <bibl corresp="#derksen2015" n="56, s.v. anka">Derksen 2015: 56, s.v. anka</bibl> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="29">Kroonen 2013: 29</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>anhulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>anhulôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>anhulǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>anhulōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>anhulōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>anhulǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>anhulōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>anhulōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>anhulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>anhulōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>anhulō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>anhulôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*anhulu, *ą̄hulu, *ą̄hlu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*ōl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>ōlþwong</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ál, ǫ́l</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>ol</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ól</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ól</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>ōl, øl, öl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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