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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *anþą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_anþą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
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    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="matasovic2009" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/B5HK3DUW">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ranko</forename>
              <surname>Matasović</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2009a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="rix2001" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/TCS87M9Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Helmut</forename>
              <surname>Rix</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Martin</forename>
              <surname>Kümmel</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Thomas</forename>
              <surname>Zehnder</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Reiner</forename>
              <surname>Lipp</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Brigitte</forename>
              <surname>Schirmer</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Wiesbaden</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Reichert</publisher>
              <date>2001</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="seebold1970" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/9HKTRG39">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Elmar</forename>
              <surname>Seebold</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Series Practica</title>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Mouton</publisher>
              <biblScope unit="volume">85</biblScope>
              <date>1970</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="wodtko2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/2NHD8WYN">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Dagmar S.</forename>
              <surname>Wodtko</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Britta</forename>
              <surname>Irslinger</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Carolin</forename>
              <surname>Schneider</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Universitätsverlag Winter</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_anatla" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*anatlā</orth>
          <def>breath</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_to" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*-tó-</orth>
          <def type="function">forms verbal adjectives from verb roots</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_anima" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>anima</orth>
          <def>breath, spirit</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_aniti" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>अनिति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ániti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to breathe, live</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂enh₁-</orth>
          <def>to breathe</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_anemos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ἄνεμος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ánemos</orth>
          </form>
          <def>wind</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ang_oroth" xml:lang="ang" type="reflex">
          <orth>oroþ</orth>
          <def>breath, exhalation</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_gmw-x-proto_uranth" xml:lang="gmw-x-proto" type="reflex">
          <orth>*uʀanþ</orth>
          <def>breath, exhalation</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_antha" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/anþą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>anþą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑn.θɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚾᚦᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>breath</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From pre-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂enh₁-to-m</mentioned>, a neuter deverbal <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_to"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_to">*-tó-</ref></mentioned> formation from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2enh1">*h₂enh₁-</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="267–268">Rix et al. 2001: 267–268</bibl> <bibl corresp="#wodtko2008" n="307–10">Wodtko et al. 2008: 307–10</bibl>. The simplex is chiefly evidenced by <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_uzantha"><ref target="#pgmc_uzantha">*uzanþą</ref></mentioned> &gt; Proto-West Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_gmw-x-proto_uranth"><ref target="#cog_gmw-x-proto_uranth">*uʀanþ</ref></mentioned> &gt; Old English <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ang_oroth"><ref target="#cog_ang_oroth">oroþ</ref></mentioned> and the derivative <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_anthijana"><ref target="#pgmc_anthijana">*anþijaną</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#seebold1970" n="78–79">Seebold 1970: 78–79</bibl>. The root is also reflected in Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_san_aniti"><ref target="#cog_san_aniti">अनिति</ref></mentioned>, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_anemos"><ref target="#cog_grc_anemos">ἄνεμος</ref></mentioned>, Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_anima"><ref target="#cog_lat_anima">anima</ref></mentioned>, and Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_anatla"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_anatla">*anatlā</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#matasovic2009" n="35">Matasović 2009a: 35</bibl> <bibl corresp="#rix2001" n="267–268">Rix et al. 2001: 267–268</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>anþą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>anþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>anþą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>anþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>anþas, anþis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>anþǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>anþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>anþamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>anþō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>anþamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>anþą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>anþō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*(uʀ)anþ</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>oroþ</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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