Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *aplazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_aplaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited10.1017/9781009261753.018Paulusvan SluisAnders RichardtJørgensenGuusKroonenKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European Puzzle RevisitedCambridge University Press193-24420232026-07-31T23:07:59Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_partISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013Nomina im indogermanischen LexikonDagmar S.WodtkoBrittaIrslingerCarolinSchneiderUniversitätsverlag Winter2008An apple a day…DavidStifterIndogermanische Forschungen 124(1)171–2182019The Proto-Indo-European root for ‘apple’ and the problem of comparative reconstructionDariusz R.PiwowarczykStudia Etymologica Cracoviensia 19161–1672014Indo-European consonant clusters and the Glottalic TheoryAlwinKloekhorstAlexander M.LubotskyAlwin KloekhorstTijmen C. PronkThe Reconstruction of Indo-European Stop Systems: From the Traditional Model to Glottalic TheoriesLeiden - BostonDe Gruyter Brill-Rodopi132-1442026ubullappleobuolỹsappleafalapplewobleappleяблокоapple*h₂ébl̥apple*h₂ébōl ~ *h₂blésapple
nounmasculinea-stemapple, fruitFrom the Indo-European ‘apple’ word, usually reconstructed as the amphikinetic l-stem *h₂ébōl ~ *h₂blés; *h₂ébl̥ is an alternative reconstruction. Germanic remodeled the inherited consonant stem, yielding *apla- beside *apal- and competing u-stem forms represented by *apluz; the exact Proto-Germanic inflection is uncertain. Cognate with Old Irish ubull, Welsh afal, Old Prussian woble, Lithuanian obuolỹs, and Russian яблоко. The suffix ablaut appears archaic, but the word's restricted European distribution has also led to its analysis as an ancient Wanderwort or a word diffused after the breakup of Proto-Indo-European Kloekhorst & Lubotsky 2026: 136Kroonen 2013: 31–32Piwowarczyk 2014: 161–167Stifter 2019: 171–218van Sluis et al. 2023: 230Wodtko et al. 2008: 262–66.