Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *arbijąScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_arbiją
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 5)AlwinKloekhorstBrill2008European Prehistory between Celtic and Germanic: The Celto-Germanic Isoglosses Revisited10.1017/9781009261753.018Paulusvan SluisAnders RichardtJørgensenGuusKroonenKristianKristiansenGuusKroonenEskeWillerslevThe Indo-European Puzzle RevisitedCambridge University Press193-24420232026-07-31T23:07:59Zhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781009261753%23CN-bp-13/type/book_partISBN: 978-1-009-26175-3 978-1-009-26174-6 978-1-009-26172-2Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013Latin orbis and its cognatesMichaelWeissHistorische Sprachforschung 119250–2722006Studies in early Indo-European loans in Uralic part IISampsaHolopainenSuomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 10183–1112025*orbyominheritance*h₃erbʰ-to turn*h₃órbʰosslave, servant, indentured worker; orphan; apprentice𒄯𒀊𒍣joins, associates; changes allegiance/reassociatesὀρφανόςorphaned, bereftorbusbereft, parentlessorbaeinheritance, legacyորբorphan*h₃orbʰ-yo-of the heir*h₃orbʰ-yo-mthat of the heir; inheritance
nounneuterja-stemheritage, inheritance; patrimonyFrom *h₃orbʰ-yo-m, a late or dialectal Indo-European formation shared by Celtic and Germanic, ultimately from root *h₃erbʰ-. The neuter *-yo- formation may originally have been a substantivized relational adjective, *h₃orbʰ-yo- > *h₃orbʰ-yo-m. Cognate with Proto-Celtic *orbyom > Old Irish orbae. The identical Celtic and Germanic formation is a Celto-Germanic morphological isogloss; shared dialectal Indo-European inheritance or innovation is possible, although early contact or borrowing cannot be excluded. Related through *h₃órbʰos to Ancient Greek ὀρφανός, Latin orbus, and Armenian որբ; compare Hittite 𒄯𒀊𒍣Holopainen 2025: 89–93Kloekhorst 2008: 311–312Kroonen 2013: s.v. arbja-van Sluis et al. 2023: 198, 217Weiss 2006: 257–61.