Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ardizScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ardiz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Wortschatz der germanischen Spracheinheit, 4th edn.AlfTorpGöttingenVandenhoeck & Ruprecht31909Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch [Old High German dictionaryAlbert L.LloydOttoSpringerVandenhoeck & RuprechtVols. 1–51988A Handbook of Germanic EtymologyVladimirOrelBrill2003*h₂er-to fit together, adjust; make readyarsart, skill; mannerऋ॒तिquarrel, strike; attackeardcondition, stateeinarðrstraightforward, sincereartisart, skill; manner
nounmasculinei-stemnature, disposition, character; characteristic qualitykind, type, mannerTraditionally reconstructed as an i-stem, continuing the Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic ti-stem *h₂ér-ti-s ~ *h₂r̥-téy-s, from *h₂er-; compare Latin ars, artis and Sanskrit ऋ॒तिTorp 1909: 17–18. The Germanic *-d- is from a generalization of the weak stem, where Verner’s Law came into effect due to the oxytone accent: *h₂r̥-téy- > pre-Germanic *ard-. The Proto-Germanic stem class, however, is uncertain. The Germanic reflexes do not independently require an i-stem: Old English eard shows no diagnostic i-umlaut, and Old Norse einarðr favors a thematic adjectival formation. Accordingly, Orel 2003: 22–23 reconstructs an a-stem *ardaz, while Lloyd and Springer 1988: s.v. art cautiously give only Germanic *ard-. *ardiz may therefore preserve the inherited ti-stem, but *ardaz, perhaps through Germanic thematic remodeling, is a serious alternative. Not to be confused with the better-supported agricultural i-stem *arþiz.