Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ardugazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ardugaz
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)RobertBeekesBrill2010Nominale Stammbildungslehre der altgermanischen DialekteFriedrichKlugeMax Niemayer1899Germanische Sprachwissenschaft III: WortbildungslehreHansKraheWolfgangMeidWalter de Gruyter1969Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013The Indo-European dh-Determinative in GermanicWinfred P.LehmannLanguage182125–1321942Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 9)RankoMatasovićBrill2009aEtymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)Michielde VaanBrill2008Nouvelles réflexions étymologiques autour du grec ἐρέφωRomainGarnierGraecolatina et Orientalia 35–3611–322014aὀρθόςupright, straight*h₃erdʰ-upright, high*-ko-sforms deadjectival and desubstantival adjectives denoting the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining toऊर्ध्वrising upwards, highardwoshigharduuslofty, high, steep*h₃er-to move, stir; to rise, spring
adja-stemsteep; sharply rising or slopingFrom Proto-Indo-European *h₃érdʰu-ko-s from the u-stem adjective *h₃érdʰ-u-s ~ *h₃r̥dʰ-éw-s, from root *h₃erdʰ-, further extended in pre-Germanic with adjectival *-ko-sKluge 1899: § 206Kroonen 2013: 33–34Krahe & Meid 1969: 192. The *-dʰ- may represent a PIE root enlargement of root *h₃er- , traditionally called the dʰ-determinative, in Germanic nouns derived from intransitive roots. Lehmann 1942: 126 analyzes this enlargement as marking a state or result produced by a preceding action. Cognate with Ancient Greek ὀρθός, Sanskrit ऊर्ध्व, Proto-Celtic ardwos, and Latin arduusBeekes 2010: 1101de Vaan 2008: 52Matasović 2009a: 40–41. Garnier 2014a: 28–29 instead regards the *-gaz extension as a specifically Germanic innovation from the inherited u-stem rather than an inherited PIE derivative