Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *arhwōScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_arhwō
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)DonRingeOxfordOxford University Press2017Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7)Michielde VaanBrill2008Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, Methods, Results10.1515/9783111337920-001GuusKroonenGuus KroonenA methodological introduction to sub-Indo-European EuropeBerlin & BostonDe Gruyter Mouton1–262024Proto-Slavic forest tree names: Substratum or Proto-Indo-European origin?10.1515/9783111337920-003RankoMatasovićGuus KroonenSub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, Methods, ResultsBerlin & BostonDe Gruyter Mouton49–642024Traces of Suffix Ablaut in Germanic wō-stems10.1163/18756719-12340046Michielde VaanGuusKroonenAmsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 76(3)Brill309-222016ἄργετοςjuniperarcusarc, arch, bowἄρκευθοςjuniper*orkytawillowearharrowarwearrowǫr ~ ǫrvararrow*arkuo-bow*arkʷo-bow
nounfeminineō-stemarrowProbably ultimately from a European non-Indo-European substrate word-family. Kroonen 2013: 34 tentatively derives the Northwest Germanic forms from pre-Germanic *h₂érk-uh₂, ~ *h₂erk-wéh₂-s, a feminine *uh₂-stem, yielding Early Germanic *arhū ~ *arhwōz, yielding Old English earh beside Northumbrian arwe and Old Norse ǫr ~ ǫrvar, though the precise post-Verner development remains uncertain de Vaan & Kroonen 2016: 314–15Ringe 2017: 133. De Vaan 2008: 52 derives cognate Latin arcus from Proto-Italic *arkuo-/*arkʷo-. Ancient Greek ἄρκευθος, Cypriot ἄργετος, and Proto-Slavic *orkyta have been compared through their association with wood used for bows, with the Germanic word initially meaning something like ‘that which comes with a bow’, but recent work treats these tree names as probable substrate material rather than regular inherited cognates Kroonen 2024: 307–308Matasović 2024: 57.