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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *armalausaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_armalausaz_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="lehmann1986a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/SV2QGL7V">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Gothic Etymological Dictionary</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Winfred P.</forename>
              <surname>Lehmann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>1986a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="rubekeil2020">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Tufa und Armilausini: Namen und Appellativa im römisch-germanischen Sprachkontakt</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.1515/bgsl-2020-0013</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>Ludwig</forename>
              <surname>Rübekeil</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 142(2)</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">185–213</biblScope>
              <date>2020</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_got_akranalaus" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>akranalaus</orth>
          </form>
          <def>profitless, fruitless</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_got_gudalaus" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>gudalaus</orth>
          </form>
          <def>godless</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_got_witodalaus" xml:lang="got" type="reflex">
          <orth>𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>witodalaus</orth>
          </form>
          <def>lawless</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_armilaus_i_a_x2" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>armilaus(i)a</orth>
          <def>sleeveless military garment</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_armilausini" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>Armilausini</orth>
          <def>a member of a Germanic tribe that was named after the type of shirt they were known to wear</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_arma" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>arma</orth>
          <def>weapons</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_armalausaz_2" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armalausaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>armalausaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑr.mɑ.ˌlɑu̯.sɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚱᛗᚨᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>armless; lacking arms</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_armaz_1"><ref target="#pgmc_armaz_1">*armaz¹</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_lausaz"><ref target="#pgmc_lausaz">*-lausaz</ref></mentioned>. The second constituent is the compound use of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_lausaz_x2"><ref target="#pgmc_lausaz_x2">*lausaz</ref></mentioned>, well established in Germanic privative compounds; compare Gothic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_akranalaus"><ref target="#cog_got_akranalaus">𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃</ref></mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_gudalaus"><ref target="#cog_got_gudalaus">𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃</ref></mentioned>, and <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_got_witodalaus"><ref target="#cog_got_witodalaus">𐍅𐌹𐍄𐍉𐌳𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#lehmann1986a" n="229, s.v. laus">Lehmann 1986a: 229, s.v. laus</bibl>. The precise form of the first constituent is uncertain. Late Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_armilaus_i_a_x2"><ref target="#cog_lat_armilaus_i_a_x2">armilaus(i)a</ref></mentioned> and the ethnonym <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_armilausini"><ref target="#cog_lat_armilausini">Armilausini</ref></mentioned> preserve an older linking vowel <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">-i-</mentioned>/<mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">-e</mentioned>-; Rübekeil <bibl corresp="#rubekeil2020" n="201–206" ana="#omit-author">2020: 201–206</bibl> argues that transmitted <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">-a-</mentioned> is probably secondary, arising within Latin, perhaps partly through folk-etymological association with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_arma"><ref target="#cog_lat_arma">arma</ref></mentioned>. He proposes a Germanic formation based on <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">**armijō</mentioned> or <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">**armilō</mentioned>, perhaps meaning something like ‘sleeve’, both of which would regularly have <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*-i-</mentioned> at the compound boundary.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>armalausaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>armalausaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>armalausaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>armalausammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>armalausōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>armalausammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>erm(a)lauss</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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