Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *armazScott K. ShayWardja Presshttps://protogermanic.org/pgmc_armaz_2
Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.
Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)GuusKroonenBrill2013Eichner’s law in Latin, Greek and beyond: Some neglected evidence10.1515/joll-2023-2003VincentMartzloffBarboraMachajdíkováJournal of Latin Linguistics 22(1)81–1302023Studies in early Indo-European loans in Uralic part IISampsaHolopainenSuomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 10183–1112025*h₃erbʰ-to turn*h₃órbʰosslave, servant, indentured worker; orphan; apprenticeորբorphanὀρφανόςorphaned, bereftorbusbereft, parentlessaumrmiserable, poor; sensitivehaustrautumnअर्मन्eye disease𒂊𒅕𒈠𒀭sickness, illness
adja-stempoor, miserablepitiful, pitiableFrom pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰ-mó-s, an *-mo- adjective from Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erbʰ-, with loss of *b before *m: *arbma- > *arma-Kroonen 2013: 35, s.v. *arma- 2. Related to *h₃órbʰos, reflected in Old Armenian որբ, Ancient Greek ὀρφανός, and Latin orbus; the semantic development was probably through ‘bereft, deprived’ > ‘poor, pitiable’ Holopainen 2025: 90–94Martzloff & Machajdíková 2023: 95–98. Kroonen also derives Old Norse aumr from a Proto-Norse variant produced by dissimilation of a form retaining the labial, parallel to Old Norse haustr < *harbistaz. Alternatively, comparison with Hittite 𒂊𒅕𒈠𒀭 and Sanskrit अर्मन् permits a reconstruction of *h₁or-mo-, but Kroonen regards the *h₃orbʰ-mo-s analysis as preferable.