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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *armāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_armāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="fulk2018" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/DLDN5DUK">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">A Comparative Grammar of the Early Germanic Languages</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert D.</forename>
              <surname>Fulk</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>John Benjamins Publishing Company</publisher>
              <date>2018</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="ringe2017" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/JNX9KYWA">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English, 2nd edition)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Don</forename>
              <surname>Ringe</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Oxford</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher>
              <date>2017</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_armana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>armāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑr.mɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚱᛗᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to pity; have compassion on</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_armaz_2"><ref target="#pgmc_armaz_2">*armaz²</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_ana_x2"><ref target="#pgmc_ana_x2">*-āną</ref></mentioned>, here forming a deadjectival factitive verb: originally ‘to regard or treat as poor’ &gt; ‘to pity’ <bibl corresp="#fulk2018" n="308–10">Fulk 2018: 308–10</bibl> <bibl corresp="#ringe2017" n="287–288">Ringe 2017: 287–288</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>armō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>armaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>armai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>armāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>armaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>armāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>armāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>armōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>armāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>armāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>armāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>armānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>armaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>armaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>armānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>armānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>armānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>armānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>armadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>armadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>armadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>armadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>armadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>armadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>armadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>armadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>armadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>armadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>armadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>armadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>armadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>armadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>armadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>armadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>armāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>armadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>armāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*armēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*armon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>armen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*armēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>earmian</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*armēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>armēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>armen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*armēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>armōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>armen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌰𐌽 (arman)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Vandalic</lang>
                  <orth>*arman</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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