<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Arnuwulfaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_arnuwulfaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="bosworth2014" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/VBSFVK3Q">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary Online</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Joseph</forename>
              <surname>Bosworth</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>T.Northcote</forename>
              <surname>Toller</surname>
            </author>
            <editor>
              <forename>Ed Christ</forename>
              <surname>Sean</surname>
            </editor>
            <editor>
              <forename>Ondřej</forename>
              <surname>Tichý</surname>
            </editor>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Prague</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Faculty of Arts, Charles University</publisher>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="forstemann1900">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Altdeutsches Namenbuch. Vol. 1: Personennamen. 2nd completely revised edition</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Ernst</forename>
              <surname>Förstemann</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Bonn</pubPlace>
              <publisher>P. Hanstein</publisher>
              <date>1900</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_arnuwulfaz" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Arnuwulfaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Arnuwulfaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑr.nu.ˌwul.ɸɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᚱᚾᚢᚹᚢᛚᚠᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a male given name</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_arnuz"><ref target="#pgmc_arnuz">*arnuz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_wulfaz"><ref target="#pgmc_wulfaz">*wulfaz</ref></mentioned>, with the first constituent appearing in its compositional stem <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*arnu-</mentioned>. Compare Old English <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Earnwulf</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Earnulf</mentioned>, Old High German <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Arnulf</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Arnolf</mentioned>, and Old Norse <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Arnulfr</mentioned>, <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">Ǫrnulfr</mentioned>; the continental name is attested from at least the fifth century. The formation is a regular Germanic dithematic personal name combining two animal-name elements <bibl corresp="#bosworth2014" n="s.v. Earnulf">Bosworth &amp; Toller 2014: s.v. Earnulf</bibl> <bibl corresp="#forstemann1900" n="141">Förstemann 1900: 141</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Arnuwulfaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Arnuwulfą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Arnuwulfas, Arnuwulfis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Arnuwulfai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Arnuwulfō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Arnuwulf</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>Earnwulf</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*Arnwolf, Arnulf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>*Arnwolf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Arnulf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Latin</lang>
                        <orth>Arnulfus</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>Arnoul</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>Arnulfr, Ǫrnulfr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>Arnúlfur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>Ørnulf</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
