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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Askabergaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_askabergaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="scheungraber2014">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Die altgermanischen Toponyme sowie die ungermanischen Toponyme Germaniens: Ein Handbuch zu ihrer Etymologie</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Corinna</forename>
              <surname>Scheungraber</surname>
            </author>
            <author>
              <forename>Friedrich E.</forename>
              <surname>Grünzweig</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <pubPlace>Vienna</pubPlace>
              <publisher>Fassbaender</publisher>
              <date>2014</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_to_askibourgion_oros" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>τὸ Ἀσκιβούργιον ὄρος</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>tò Askiboúrgion óros</orth>
          </form>
          <def>the Asciburgian mountain/range</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_asciburgius_mons" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>Asciburgius mons</orth>
          <def>Asciburgian mountains</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_askibourgion" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>Ἀσκιβούργιον</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>Askiboúrgion</orth>
          </form>
          <def>Asciburgium fort/settlement on the lower Rhine</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_asciburgium" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>Asciburgium</orth>
          <def>fort/settlement on the lower Rhine</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_askabergaz" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Askabergaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Askabergaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑs.kɑ.ˌber.ɣɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛊᚲᚨᛒᛖᚱᚷᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a mountain or mountain range in eastern Germania, probably corresponding to part of the Giant Mountains or Sudetic system</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_askaz"><ref target="#pgmc_askaz">*askaz</ref></mentioned> + <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_bergaz"><ref target="#pgmc_bergaz">*bergaz</ref></mentioned>, literally ‘Ash Mountain’. The name is reconstructed from Ptolemy’s <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_to_askibourgion_oros"><ref target="#cog_grc_to_askibourgion_oros">τὸ Ἀσκιβούργιον ὄρος</ref></mentioned> , Latin <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_asciburgius_mons"><ref target="#cog_lat_asciburgius_mons">Asciburgius mons</ref></mentioned>, an ancient Germanic toponym whose first constituent is generally connected with Proto-Germanic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_askaz"><ref target="#pgmc_askaz">*askaz</ref></mentioned>. Ptolemy places the range in eastern Germania; its exact identification is uncertain, though it has traditionally been associated with the Giant Mountains or the broader Sudetic system. It is geographically distinct from the similarly named settlement <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_askibourgion"><ref target="#cog_grc_askibourgion">Ἀσκιβούργιον</ref></mentioned>  / <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_lat_asciburgium"><ref target="#cog_lat_asciburgium">Asciburgium</ref></mentioned> on the lower Rhine <bibl corresp="#scheungraber2014" n="78–80">Scheungraber &amp; Grünzweig 2014: 78–80</bibl>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Askabergaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Askabergą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Askabergas, Askabirgis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Askabergai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Askabergō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Askaberg</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Ancient Greek</lang>
                  <orth>τὸ Ἀσκιβούργιον ὄρος (tò Askiboúrgion óros)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Latin</lang>
                    <orth>Asciburgius mons</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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