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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *asnō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_asnō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
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      <listBibl>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="beekes2010" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/K7ES6IFT">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10/1)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Robert</forename>
              <surname>Beekes</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2010</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="derksen2008" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/R2NTQLL2">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 4)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rick</forename>
              <surname>Derksen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2008</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="derksen2015" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/BW5GUN9K">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 13)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Rick</forename>
              <surname>Derksen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2015</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2011a" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/Y6TMIYYV">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">The Proto-Germanic n-Stems: A Study in Diachronic Morphophonology</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Rodopi</publisher>
              <date>2011a</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="book" xml:id="kroonen2013" corresp="http://zotero.org/users/21108209/items/MPLRUGJF">
          <monogr>
            <title level="m">Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11)</title>
            <author>
              <forename>Guus</forename>
              <surname>Kroonen</surname>
            </author>
            <imprint>
              <publisher>Brill</publisher>
              <date>2013</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
        <biblStruct xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" type="journalArticle" xml:id="neri2016">
          <analytic>
            <title level="a">Germanische Etymologie: Besprechung von Kroonen 2013</title>
            <idno type="DOI">10.29091/KRATYLOS/2016/1/1</idno>
            <author>
              <forename>Sergio</forename>
              <surname>Neri</surname>
            </author>
          </analytic>
          <monogr>
            <title level="j">Kratylos 61</title>
            <imprint>
              <biblScope unit="page">1–51</biblScope>
              <date>2016</date>
            </imprint>
          </monogr>
        </biblStruct>
      </listBibl>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_prg_assanis" xml:lang="prg" type="cognate">
          <orth>assanis</orth>
          <def>autumn</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_esen_x2" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>esenь</orth>
          <def>autumn</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_opora" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>ὀπώρα</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>opṓra</orth>
          </form>
          <def>end of the summer, start of autumn; harvest, fruit</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h2es" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₂es-</orth>
          <def>to cut</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_osx_asna" xml:lang="osx" type="reflex">
          <orth>asna</orth>
          <def>wage, tax, interest</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_azno" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*aznō-</orth>
          <def>work, harvest</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_asno" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/asnō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>asnō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈɑs.nɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚨᛊᚾᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>wage, payment; perhaps originally a harvest-share or remuneration for harvest work</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Related to <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_azaniz"><ref target="#pgmc_azaniz">*azaniz</ref></mentioned> and the inherited Indo-European harvest season word represented by <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₁ós-r̥ ~ *h₁és-n-</mentioned>; compare Old Saxon <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_osx_asna"><ref target="#cog_osx_asna">asna</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2013" n="46, s.v. *azani-">Kroonen 2013: 46, s.v. *azani-</bibl>. The exact Proto-Indo-European formation is uncertain. Kroonen earlier reconstructed <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_azno"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_azno">*aznō-</ref></mentioned> from <mentioned xml:lang="gmw-x-proto">*h₂es-néh₂-</mentioned> <bibl corresp="#kroonen2011a" n="48, 301">Kroonen 2011a: 48, 301</bibl>, an analysis compatible with the later proposal of <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2es"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h2es">*h₂es-</ref></mentioned> as the source of the harvest family <bibl corresp="#neri2016" n="38">Neri 2016: 38</bibl>. Compare Old Prussian <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_prg_assanis"><ref target="#cog_prg_assanis">assanis</ref></mentioned>, Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_esen_x2"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_esen_x2">esenь</ref></mentioned>, and Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#cog_grc_opora"><ref target="#cog_grc_opora">ὀπώρα</ref></mentioned> <bibl corresp="#beekes2010" n="1094–95, s.v. ὀπώρα">Beekes 2010: 1094–95, s.v. ὀπώρα</bibl> <bibl corresp="#derksen2008" n="144, s.v. *̏esenь">Derksen 2008: 144, s.v. *̏esenь</bibl> <bibl corresp="#derksen2015" n="555–56, s.v. assanis">Derksen 2015: 555–56, s.v. assanis</bibl>. The semantic development was perhaps ‘harvest, harvest-work/share’ &gt; ‘payment, wage’.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>asnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>asnôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>asnǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>asnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>asnōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>asnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>asnōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>asnōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>asnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>asnōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>asnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>asnôz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*asnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>esna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*asnu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>asna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>asne, asnen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
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